中国东海区海洋倾废管理现状与对策

实现对海洋倾废科学有效管理是保护海洋环境及海洋资源的一项重要内容和主要任务.东海作为我国海洋生产力最大的海区,近年来,随着海洋事业和沿海区域经济的发展,向海上倾倒废弃物的数量和规模都在不断增加.在实际海洋倾倒过程中存在着倾倒区选划利用不合理、违法违规倾倒和执法监管不力等问题,直接影响着东海海洋生态环境平衡与可持续发展.因此,在对1999-2010年东海区海洋倾废活动现状进行全面客观梳理的基础上,就倾倒行为存在的主要问题进行实证分析,并结合东海区沿岸省市海洋发展的情况与对海洋倾倒的实际需求,为实现对海洋倾废合理有效的管理,保护海洋生态环境提出切实可行的对策.     

黄河流域人地耦合与可持续人居环境

黄河流域是中国人地矛盾最为紧张的区域之一,承担着生态安全建设和经济社会发展的重任。自古以来人类和黄河始终处于共同进化的过程中,近年来伴随经济发展而来的生态保护压力也日益增加,流域水资源脆弱性和风险更甚,为化解人地矛盾,需探究城镇聚落和河流的动态耦合机制。在“黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展”上升为重大国家战略之际,从城乡规划、自然地理、环境考古、生态学、水文水资源、土地资源管理等多领域视角,聚焦黄河流域人地关系的空间分异和演化规律,以及资源和生态保护的困境与机遇。建成环境与自然环境的平衡是可持续发展的基础,应将黄河流域视为自然及人文环境相互影响与依存的“生命共同体”,并从系统性和交叉性、地方性和适应性等方面探讨可持续发展策略。     

Understanding the Past and Present and Predicting the Future: Farmers’ Use of Multiple Nutrient Best Management Practices in the Upper Midwest

Understanding what drives farmers’ voluntary adoption of nutrient and soil best management practices has important consequences for many environmental outcomes including water quality. We build on research revealing the need for simultaneous use of multiple nitrogen best management practices to achieve water quality improvement goals. Using social, economic and attitudinal variables we predict the use of multiple nitrogen best management practices at three time points: current use (2013), past use (before 2013), and likelihood of use on their largest field in the next three years. Our empirical analysis uses structural equation modeling with latent variables and 2014 farmer survey data from three Midwestern US states. Most farmers in our sample used at least one of the six best management practices. Our results reveal that farmers’ attitudes, use of information sources, and conservation program participation affect the number of nitrogen best management practices concurrently in use at multiple time points.     

中国科学院资源环境科学研究工作的创新与发展

１１９９８年工作回顾１９９８年在以江泽民同志为核心的党中央领导下,在实施科教兴国战略和“迎接知识经济时代,建设国家创新体系”的试点工作中,我们全院从事资源环境科学技术研究的同志,从２１世纪中国发展的战略需要和世界科学前沿的前景出发,重新确定科技发展目...     

ISO14000环境管理系列国际标准简介

本文概述ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理系列国际标准的产生背景、国际环境管理标准化技术委员会、已发布的五项环境管理国际标准以及宣传贯彻该系列标准的建议。     

Tangled lines in New Zealand's quota management system: The process of including recreational fisheries

This article uses New Zealand as a case study of processes relating to the inclusion of recreational fisheries in modern fisheries management systems based on Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs). The New Zealand case highlights challenges governments often meet when attempting to integrate the recreational sector into fisheries management, including: (a) resistance to restrictions on what has historically been free-of-charge public access to fish for recreational purposes and (b) the fragmented character of the recreational sector, which makes it difficult to have recreational interests attend to their management role and responsibilities.     

Enter the working forest: Discourse analysis in the Northern Forest

In 1988, four states in the northeastern USA commissioned a study to address land use changes in the Northern Forest, 26 million acres of temperate and boreal forest extending from Maine to eastern New York State. Against a backdrop of economic destabilization and concerns regarding social and ecological implications of a real estate boom, the sustained deliberative dialogue catalyzed by this study has come to rely heavily on the ambiguous concept of “working forest.” To clarify political and environmental dynamics in the region, we analyzed how people respond to and seek to capitalize on the interpretive flexibility of the term working forest. We combine an analysis of socio-political discourses of working forest based on a structured literature review with an assessment of local peoples’ definitions of working forest based on a survey conducted in a pair of contrasting New York State communities. The first study site represents an amenity-oriented community (i.e. a place where the forest supports a service economy including recreation and tourism) and the other study site represents a timber-dependent community. By linking data from community-level analysis to data derived from a general analysis of forest politics, we seek to develop a more robust perspective. By comparing discourses across differently structured communities, we investigate how local forest politics are mediated by local economic development processes. Our study empirically illustrates contested and geographically uneven processes of social construction of environment and rural development in a region confronting pressures of globalization. Results indicate that timber harvesting is a heavily privileged management objective, as a logic of ‘the forest that pays is the forest that stays’ dominates. Environmental politics in the region, and perhaps more generally, increasingly conforms to a form of pragmatism in which economic opportunities structure conservation planning and investment.     

地震科研项目管理系统设计

通过结合Internet/Intranet技术和B/S模式,开发一套地震科研项目管理系统,可实现对科研项目申报、评审、进度跟踪、验收、查询和成果共享的全程信息化管理,有利于提高科技人员、评审专家和项目管理部门执行科研项目申报、评审和管理的工作效率。     

Constrction of watershed flood disaster management information system and its application to the catastrophic flood of the Yangtze River in 1998

lintroductionFlooddi~rbringsaboutgreatdamagestopropellesandseriouslossoflives.InChina,onetenthofterritory,500billionPeople,3300X104haofculhvatedland.morethan100largeandndddiecihesand70%ofindusthalandagricultoloutputvaluearethreatenedbyfloodings'l.Watershedflooddisastermanagementconcernsmonitoringandforecastingflood,assessingtheflooddamageandfloodcontrolanddiSasterreduchondecision-makinginthescopeofthewholewatershed.RemotesensingandGeographicalinfonnahonSystemarepowerfultoolstoconstIUctWate…     

生态环境敏感性及其管理对策——以庆阳市为例

可持续发展理念已经深入人心,而生态环境与社会经济的协调发展成为研究热点之一。而干旱、半干旱区更是面临生态环境恶化与社会经济发展的双重压力,为促进生态环境保护与建设,加强不同生态敏感区的生态环境管理对策,以庆阳市为例,对土壤侵蚀敏感性、土壤沙漠化敏感性、水环境敏感性和生境敏感性进行了评价,并计算了生态敏感性综合指数,将庆阳市划分为生态环境不敏感区、中度敏感区、高度敏感区和极敏感区4个等级。并提出了不同敏感性区域的环境保护对策和产业调整方向,以作为庆阳市可持续发展规划决策的依据。