构造-岩浆作用对热液活动的控制机理: 马努斯海盆为例

综述了马努斯海盆热液区构造特征、基底差异, 结合马努斯海盆热液区热液活动与构造-岩浆特征, 探讨了二者的耦合关系, 以及构造-岩浆作用对热液活动的影响和控制。马努斯海盆位于西南太平洋俾斯麦海的东北部, 是世界上扩张速度最快的海盆之一。马努斯海盆西部(马努斯扩张中心, Manus Spreading Center, MSC)主要由海盆扩张成熟期产生的大洋中脊玄武岩组成, 属于成熟弧后扩张中心,发育Vienna Woods热液区; 海盆东部(东南裂谷, Southeast Rift, SER)则是一个拉张裂谷, 处于扩张的早期阶段, 属于不成熟弧后扩张中心, 发育PACMANUS、DESMOS、SuSu Knolls三大热液区。MSC与大洋中脊的热液活动相似, 而SER因受到火山、俯冲作用影响更为显著, 其热液流体具有岩浆流体和俯冲流体的特征。与Vienna Woods热液压相比, PACMANUS、DESMOS以及SuSu Knolls三个热液区的水深相对较浅(1 150～1 740 m), 是地球内部热物质由内向外迁移的结果, 其下部岩浆作用强烈。此外,岩浆脱气作用和数值模拟结果表明, PACMANUS热液系统中具有岩浆流体的输入。与Vienna Woods热液区相比, PACMANUS、DESMOS、SuSu Knolls热液区的热液活动强度及流体组成主要受控于岩浆作用。     

Damage assessment for submarine photoelectric composite cable under anchor impact

The impact of dropped anchor on submarine photoelectric composite cables may possibly cause electrical faults, i.e. electricity and optical signal transmission failure. In order to study the impact capacity and structural impact failure mechanism, a test setup is designed originally to examine the structural and functional integrity. A detailed finite element model (FEM) is created, considering material nonlinearity and component interaction. A parametric analysis has been performed to predict the deformation of components and impact forces, under different impact velocities and collision directions. Relationships between the armor layer indentation rate and that of internal power and optical units are achieved. The impact deformation of internal entities can be evaluated intuitively by armor layer indentation. The proposed experimental and numerical methods are well correlated, suitable to assess the impact capacity of subsea power cables and assist the protection design of subsea power cables in engineering.     

威海沿岸海域潮汐特征分析

文章主要选取国家海洋局成山头海洋环境监测站1996—2016年的潮位、潮差月值资料,利用线性回归法,对威海沿岸海域近21年来的潮汐特征进行分析。结果表明:威海沿岸海域近21年的平均潮位、最高潮位、最低潮位、平均潮差、最大潮差整体上均呈上升的变化趋势,但气候倾向率各不相同,分别是2.57cm/(10a)、5.872cm/(10a)、4.137cm/(10a)、1.017cm/(10a)、2.604cm/(10a)。     

LEADAT: a MATLAB-based program for lead-210 data analysis of sediment cores

1Introduction Tracking the history of man s impact on the en-vironment, it is clear that in many places the periodof greatest impact and most dramatic transformationlies within the last 150 a (Oldfield and Appleby,1984). Many aspects of this impact can be…     

盐度对褐毛鲿胚胎发育和早期仔鱼存活率的影响

为了探索褐毛鲿(Megalonibea fusca)胚胎孵化和早期仔鱼生长发育最适宜的盐度条件,作者观察了其胚胎在6个盐度(35、30、25、20、15、10)海水中沉浮性、发育、初孵仔鱼分布状态.结果表明:胚胎在盐度35时完全上浮,盐度低于25完全下沉,在盐度30时处于半悬浮状态;不同盐度对胚胎发育有一定影响:在盐度30~15范围内,胚胎发育较快,孵化时间较为一致,在盐度35和10发育变慢,孵化时间延长2.5 h以上;初孵仔鱼在不同盐度海水中呈不同分布状态:在盐度35时完全上浮表层,盐度25~30分布于中下层至中上层,盐度25大部分仔鱼沉底,盐度低于20,初孵仔鱼全部沉底.观察了10个盐度(35、32、29、26、23、20、17、14、11、8)海水中胚胎孵化率和早期仔鱼存活率,结果表明:褐毛鲿胚胎在盐度35~8范围内孵化率达(76±2)%~(98±2)%,在较低盐度26~11区间,孵化率达(88±0)%~(98±2)%,显示低盐区更高的孵化率,而在较高盐度29~35区间,孵化率在(82±2)%~(84±2)%,并且具有明显趋向性,即盐度大于29,随盐度升高孵化率逐渐下降;盐度对早期仔鱼存活率有明显影响:孵化后40 h 正常仔鱼最高存活率在低盐度26~8区,为(89.4±2.2)%~(97.4±0.1)%,盐度大于29,随着盐度上升仔鱼死亡率骤然升高,在盐度29~35,升至(31.7±0.7)%~(38.1±1.5)%,畸形率升至(7.1±0.2)%~(10.7±0.5)%,正常仔鱼存活率下降至(61.0±1.0)%~(61.9±1.5)%.低盐度区仔鱼有更高的存活率.褐毛鲿胚胎最适孵化盐度在29~32,早期仔鱼最适培育盐度为26.     

海上某油田防膨剂的筛选与评价

针对海上油田储层特点筛选黏土防膨剂,对控制储层水敏伤害和保障整个油田的持续高效开发有非常重要的意义。综合多种防膨剂评价方法的长处,采用静态与动态相结合的实验评价方法,筛选了适用于海上某油田注水开发的黏土防膨剂。对于优选出质量分数为1％的FP一3A黏土防膨剂,静态评价离心法防膨率为79．1％,X．射线衍射法防膨率为54．6％,膨胀仪法防膨率为80．7％,岩心线性膨胀率为0．73％,每100g静态吸附量0．29g;动态评价渗透率保留率大于70％,最佳注入浓度0．5％～1．0％,且渗透率波动范围小,防膨效果稳定且作用时间长,适于海上某油田注水开发应用。     

气候变暖与海平面上升

本文通过大量实际资料分析认为,现代全球变暖与海平面上升,源于200多年前小冰期冷峰出现后的气候返暖、海平面回升过程演变的结果。近30年的世界海平面上升的速率,有着上世纪80、90年代和本世纪前10年世界平均气温每10年以0．2F°（0．11℃）为梯度的连续抬升为背景。在此以CO。含量为气候指标,划分出了公元200年以来的八个暖段（暖期）。若按冷暖极值距200年或250年计算,则由目前正在发展的暖期,将在公元2050年或2100年前后结束,而后开始降温。作者依据最近30年同一时段国内外验潮资料计算获得的绝对海平面升降速率为＋1．52±0．27mm／a及相对海平面升降速率为＋1．39±0．26mm/a。按照2010年坎昆气候大会决议要求,在对前人有关研究成果进行考量时,对将来的2050和2100年世界海平面预测及我国地面沉降较明显的沿海城市如天津、上海、厦门、海口等相对海平面升降值,进行了测算与评估。     

Evaluation of Inference Adequacy in Cumulative Logistic Regression Models: An Empirical Validation of ISWRidge Relationships

Internal solitary wave propagation over a submarine ridge results in energy dissipation, in which the hydrodynamic interaction between a wave and ridge affects marine environment. This study analyzes the effects of ridge height and potential energy during wave-ridge interaction with a binary and cumulative logistic regression model. In testing the Global Null Hypothesis, all values are p 〈0.001, with three statistical methods, such as Likelihood Ratio, Score, and Wald. While comparing with two kinds of models, tests values obtained by cumulative logistic regression models are better than those by binary logistic regression models. Although this study employed cumulative logistic regression model, three probability functions p^1, p^2 and p^3, are utilized for investigating the weighted influence of factors on wave reflection. Deviance and Pearson tests are applied to cheek the goodness-of-fit of the proposed model. The analytical results demonstrated that both ridge height （X1 ） and potential energy （X2 ） significantly impact （p 〈 0. 0001 ） the amplitude-based refleeted rate; the P-values for the deviance and Pearson are all 〉 0.05 （0.2839, 0.3438, respectively）. That is, the goodness-of-fit between ridge height （ X1 ） and potential energy （X2） can further predict parameters under the scenario of the best parsimonious model. Investigation of 6 predictive powers （ R2, Max-rescaled R^2, Sorners＇ D, Gamma, Tau-a, and c, respectively） indicate that these predictive estimates of the proposed model have better predictive ability than ridge height alone, and are very similar to the interaction of ridge height and potential energy. It can be concluded that the goodness-of-fit and prediction ability of the cumulative logistic regression model are better than that of the binary logistic regression model.     

Evaluation of Inference Adequacy in Cumulative Logistic Regression Models： An Empirical Validation of ISW-Ridge Relationships

Internal solitary wave propagation over a submarine ridge results in energy dissipation, in which the hydrodynamic interaction between a wave and ridge affects marine environment. This study analyzes the effects of ridge height and potential energy during wave-ridge interaction with a binary and cumulative logistic regression model. In testing the Global Null Hypothesis, all values are p<0.001, with three statistical methods, such as Likelihood Ratio, Score, and Wald. While comparing with two kinds of models, tests values obtained by cumulative logistic regression models are better than those by binary logistic regression models. Although this study employed cumulative logistic regression model, three probability functions p^1, p^2 and p^3, are utilized for investigating the weighted influence of factors on wave reflection. Deviance and Pearson tests are applied to check the goodness-of-fit of the proposed model. The analytical results demonstrated that both ridge height (X1) and potential energy (X2) significantly impact (p<0.0001) the amplitude-based reflected rate; the P-values for the deviance and Pearson are all >0.05 (0.2839, 0.3438, respectively). That is, the goodness-of-fit between ridge height (X1) and potential energy (X2) can further predict parameters under the scenario of the best parsimonious model.Investigation of 6 predictive powers (R2, Max-rescaled R2, Somers'D, Gamma, Tau-a, and c, respectively) indicate that these predictive estimates of the proposed model have better predictive ability than ridge height alone, and are very similar to the interaction of ridge height and potential energy. It can be concluded that the goodness-of-fit and prediction ability of the cumulative logistic regression model are better than that of the binary logistic regression model.     

温度、氮浓度和氮磷比对长心卡帕藻(Kappaphycus alvarezii)吸收氮速率的影响

分别在室内培养箱、海滨室外跑道池和不同自然海区,通过一次性和半连续添加营养、以及检测海区水质和藻体生长的方法,研究了不同氮浓度、温度和氮磷比条件下,长心卡帕藻氮吸收速率的变化和氮吸收速率随时间变化,以及栽培该藻的环境生态贡献。小型实验、中试放大和海区规模栽培结果表明:(1)在10—50μmol/L范围内,该藻吸收氮速率随氮浓度增加而增大;(2)当氮浓度一定时,氮磷比在1—50范围内对该藻吸收氮速率没有产生显著影响(P>0.05);(3)温度对该藻吸收氮速率有显著影响(P<0.05),其中温度在28℃时氮的吸收速率最高;(4)尽管一次性添加营养实验中长心卡帕藻吸收氮速率随时间变化表现出先快后慢的趋势,但是进一步的半连续添加营养实验证实,导致吸收速率下降系底物氮浓度限制,而不是藻本身吸收能力下降,结果还显示卡帕藻具有连续吸收同化无机氮能力;在自然光温度变化和不受底物浓度限制条件下,该藻藻体去除无机氮效率最大维持在0.3μmol/(gFW·h);(5)海南陵水黎安海湾水质数据显示,栽培该藻去除海水富营养化和净化水质作用显著,其去除海水富营养化的年贡献为33t氮素。