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221.
提出基于方差-尺度规律的新型插值方法评价体系,根据“在给定研究区域内,变量的统计方差随尺度增大而减小”的理论规律,提出三项预设的评价准则。以DEM插值应用为例,选取高精度曲面模型、样条插值、克里金插值、反距离权重插值4种方法进行对比评价。数值实验表明,方差-尺度递变趋势的评价准则值得存疑。两组DEM插值案例表明,地形的复杂特性、插值算子的光滑效应以及尺度的综合效应致使理论的渐变规律无法达到。引入采样方差值后,不同采样密度下仍可以将方差变化趋势及方差的整体大小作为精度评价准则,在对第二、第三条预设评价准则修缮后确立三项评价准则。综合所有案例可知,此评价体系原理简单、操作方便,为DEM插值方法评价提供了一套新的标准和框架,并且可针对不同采样密度条件提出完善的插值方法适用性建议。 相似文献
222.
Michael Demuth & Alain Pietroniro 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1999,81(4):521-540
The capability of RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for the purpose of snow-line/accumulation area mapping for a temperate alpine glacier is examined. In agreement with other orbital C-band SAR studies, RADARSAT can discriminate between firn and bare ice facies. Limited observations are reported with respect to the electromagnetic variability of the ice facies in the ablation area, but they are inconclusive. Operational considerations are discussed with respect to reconciling the uncertainties of late-summer weather and their possible impact on the dielectric and scattering properties of the glacier surface. Vagaries associated with other glacier settings, mass balance states and their associated facies configurations are discussed including the difficulty of using the transient snow-line to define the equilibrium line and the lower extent of the accumulation area for glaciers where superimposed ice may form.
The radar remote-sensing reconnaissance of equilibrium line altitude (ELA) and accumulation area ratio (AAR) for estimating glacier mass balance requires serious consideration in those instances where traditional ground measurements used in the direct glaciological method are absent. However, with respect to the ELA, such estimates can vary depending on the accuracy of the reference digital elevation information. Moreover, for many glacier configurations, where mass balance variations due to altitude are influenced or in some cases completely masked by local balance variations, defining the ELA may be an irreconcilable problem. Using the AAR may be more robust in this regard. It is further determined that the total error inherent in the reconnaissance method would have serious implications for the confident estimation of mass balance normals and climate-related trends if the method were to be utilized over the longer term. 相似文献
The radar remote-sensing reconnaissance of equilibrium line altitude (ELA) and accumulation area ratio (AAR) for estimating glacier mass balance requires serious consideration in those instances where traditional ground measurements used in the direct glaciological method are absent. However, with respect to the ELA, such estimates can vary depending on the accuracy of the reference digital elevation information. Moreover, for many glacier configurations, where mass balance variations due to altitude are influenced or in some cases completely masked by local balance variations, defining the ELA may be an irreconcilable problem. Using the AAR may be more robust in this regard. It is further determined that the total error inherent in the reconnaissance method would have serious implications for the confident estimation of mass balance normals and climate-related trends if the method were to be utilized over the longer term. 相似文献
223.
Mark B. Dyurgerov & Mark F. Meier 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1999,81(4):541-554
Seasonal mass balance components bw (winter balance) and bs (summer balance) as well as ct (total accumulation) and at (total ablation), can be used directly to infer climate variables. In contrast, ac (net balance of the accumulation area) and aa (net balance of the ablation area), and ba or bn (annual or net balance) can not. The traditional Alpine system of observations of ac and aa , however, can be converted to true seasonal values bw and bs if both pairs of components are simultaneously observed for some years, because a correlation between the two pairs of components exists. We analyzed bw and bs data and their mean, standard deviations and ratios of these to the corresponding net or annual balances for 50 glaciers with relatively long records representing different regions in the northern hemisphere. We also investigated correlations between seasonal components. A negative correlation between bw and bs exists at many glaciers. About two-thirds of the glaciers show insignificant correlations (?0.3 < r < 0.3), implying independence of summer and winter balances. In a few unusual cases the correlations are positive. These different correlations, or lack thereof, may offer insight into feedback conditions that must exist in this climate-related system. The correspondence of the bw and ct , and bs and at , appears to depend largely on the relative amounts of summer snowfall, a function of their climatic environment expressed as [α = (bw+bs)/2]. The contribution of variability of bs to the net balance increases markedly with decreasing values of α. The variability of bw and bs , and therefore the net balance, has been increasing with time; whether this is due to an increase in climate variability or to other causes is not clear. It appears that bw has been increasing with time at the highest altitudes, but bs has been increasing more rapidly especially at low altitudes; the many-glacier average net balance is becoming more negative. 相似文献
224.
离子吸附型稀土矿是我国宝贵的矿产资源,运用遥感影像分类技术提取稀土开采区可以准确地实现对稀土开采状况的监测,但仅利用光谱信息往往难以保证分类精度。本文以江西寻乌稀土矿区为研究区,以IKONOS影像为数据源,应用面向对象分类方法提取了稀土开采区的遥感信息。针对稀土开采区的分布特点,选择基于边缘的分割算法进行影像分割;结合地形信息、光谱信息及几何信息建立规则集,进行特征提取;最后采用隶属度函数法实现面向对象分类,并与传统的光谱角填图分类进行对比分析。研究结果表明,面向对象分类法提取稀土开采区的总体精度为92.49%,Kappa系数为0.857 6,与传统监督分类方法相比有了很大的提高。 相似文献
225.
226.
作为GPS/重力边值问题理论及方法的应用,在对GPS/重力方法确定(似)大地水准面的原理进行简要介绍与分析的基础上,利用收集到的N区的600个GPS/重力数据和48个高精度GPS水准数据,计算出该区域的(似)大地水准面。通过拟合法和系统差直接改正法进行的精度分析表明,应用GPS/重力数据结合水准方法确定的该地区(似)大地水准面的精度达到厘米级精度。 相似文献
227.
The second vertical derivatives of gravity and magnetic potential are widely used in geophysical prospecting because of their
better resolution. On the same basis an attempt has been made to obtain the expressions for the second vertical derivative
of the electrical potential and to compute its nature for comparison. Derivative responses over a two-layered earth and also
over an anticlinal structure have been computed and it is shown that the second vertical derivative sounding could be employed
for greater accuracy in finding out the thickness of such beds or the inclination of the sides of the anticline and its depth
when compared with normal resistivity sounding 相似文献
228.
Peri COLEMAN 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,(Z1)
正Seagull Lake is an unusual saline lake,having a marine spring connected to a large continental ecosystem.With climate change the balance between marine,meteoric and groundwater inputs to,and evaporitic and groundwater 相似文献
229.
230.
The predictive quality of the current drainage class map of Flanders was evaluated using data from two monitoring networks: one with good spatial coverage but poor temporal coverage and another with better temporal but poor spatial coverage. We combine both networks to obtain 1678 point predictions for mean highest water (MHW) and mean lowest water (MLW) tables by applying time series modelling and total least squares regression. The resulting MHW and MLW point data set was used to evaluate the currency of the existing map and to identify regional differences. The quality of the current map is moderate, and large differences occur between regions. Especially the Campine region shows large and systematic differences, whereas the southeastern hills and chalk–loam region is relatively accurate. If more weight is given to errors in the wetter drainage classes, about 50% of the area of Flanders would benefit from remapping. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献