全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8801篇 |
免费 | 859篇 |
国内免费 | 671篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 4554篇 |
大气科学 | 510篇 |
地球物理 | 1484篇 |
地质学 | 1419篇 |
海洋学 | 648篇 |
天文学 | 224篇 |
综合类 | 1113篇 |
自然地理 | 379篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 23篇 |
2023年 | 54篇 |
2022年 | 120篇 |
2021年 | 180篇 |
2020年 | 219篇 |
2019年 | 270篇 |
2018年 | 176篇 |
2017年 | 329篇 |
2016年 | 336篇 |
2015年 | 366篇 |
2014年 | 509篇 |
2013年 | 557篇 |
2012年 | 638篇 |
2011年 | 606篇 |
2010年 | 518篇 |
2009年 | 641篇 |
2008年 | 617篇 |
2007年 | 647篇 |
2006年 | 597篇 |
2005年 | 492篇 |
2004年 | 413篇 |
2003年 | 366篇 |
2002年 | 304篇 |
2001年 | 267篇 |
2000年 | 223篇 |
1999年 | 166篇 |
1998年 | 151篇 |
1997年 | 122篇 |
1996年 | 90篇 |
1995年 | 77篇 |
1994年 | 67篇 |
1993年 | 45篇 |
1992年 | 38篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 21篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
52.
基于ArcObject技术的森林扑火队行程轨迹回放功能研发 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
采用二次开发语言VB,并通过Arc/Info的组件ArcObject(AO)以及SQL数据库,对全球定位系统GPS及时采集的点坐标数据进行海量存储并在地理信息系统操作平台上实现轨迹的回放。使GPS和GIS实现更加灵活规范的系统化,突破了GIS平台的相对独立性的局限,实现面向对象的多系统集成。 相似文献
53.
54.
55.
GPS新近发展及其军事应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文简述了GPS的最新发展动态,着重分析了GPS在精确制导武器上的应用形式和效果,指出了GPS制导技术存在的局限性及其未来发展趋势。 相似文献
56.
The analysis of the time and space distribution of specular (reflecting) points in bistatic altimetry between GPS and CHAMP
satellites or SAC-C (taken as examples) is extended from Wagner and Klokočník (2003 J. Geod 77: 128–138). We demonstrate a
significantly higher number and density of reflecting points in bistatic altimetry in comparison with traditional monostatic
altimetry. After an outline of our older accuracy assessment for the vertical position of the reflecting point, we add a new
independent derivation and compare both approaches. We account for orbit errors of both the transmitters (GPS) and receiver
(CHAMP) satellites, and the measurement (delay) error. We found that the accuracy of the vertical position of the reflecting
point decreases only slowly with increasing off-nadir angle and that the orbit errors must be accounted for if decimeter and
better accuracy is required. In this paper, we do not study errors such as state of the ocean, technical parameters of the
receiving system, and atmospheric corrections. 相似文献
57.
Georg Bergeton Larsen Stig Syndergaard Per Høeg Martin Bjært Sørensen 《GPS Solutions》2005,9(2):144-155
The Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation measurements obtained using the TurboRogue GPS receiver on the Danish satellite Ørsted have been processed using the single frequency method. Atmospheric profiles of refractivity and temperature are derived and validated against numerical weather prediction data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF). Results from the Ørsted GPS measurement campaign in February 2000 indicate that the single frequency method can provide retrievals with accuracy comparable to that of using two frequencies. From comparisons between measured dry temperature profiles and corresponding dry temperature profiles derived from ECMWF analysis fields, we find a mean difference of less than 0.5 K and a standard deviation of 2–4 K between 500 and 30 hPa in height. Above 30 hPa the impact of the ionosphere becomes more dominant and more difficult to eliminate using the single frequency method, and the results show degraded accuracy when compared to previous analysis results of occultation data from other missions using the dual frequency method. At latitudes less than 40° (denoted low latitudes), the standard deviation is generally smaller than at latitudes higher than 40° (denoted high latitudes). A small temperature bias is observed centered at 200 hPa for low latitudes and at 300 hPa for high latitudes. This indicates that the ECMWF analyses do not adequately resolve the tropopause temperature minimum. In the lowest part of the troposphere an observed warm bias is thought to be due to erroneous tracking of the GPS signal in cases of atmospheric multipath propagation. 相似文献
58.
Different types of GPS clock and orbit data provided by the International GPS Service (IGS) have been used to assess the accuracy
of rapid orbit determination for satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) using spaceborne GPS measurements. To avoid the need
for reference measurements from ground-based reference receivers, the analysis is based on an undifferenced processing of
GPS code and carrier-phase measurements. Special attention is therefore given to the quality of GPS clock data that directly
affects the resulting orbit determination accuracy. Interpolation of clock data from the available 15 min grid points is identified
as a limiting factor in the use of IGS ultra-rapid ephemerides. Despite this restriction, a 10-cm orbit determination accuracy
can be obtained with these products data as demonstrated for the GRACE-B spacecraft during selected data arcs between 2002
and 2004. This performance may be compared with a 5-cm orbit determination accuracy achievable with IGS rapid and final products
using 5 min clock samples. For improved accuracy, high-rate (30 s) clock solutions are recommended that are presently only
available from individual IGS centers. Likewise, a reduced latency and more frequent updates of IGS ultra-rapid ephemerides
are desirable to meet the requirements of upcoming satellite missions for near real-time and precise orbit determination. 相似文献
59.
Investigating the propagation mechanism of unmodelled systematic errors on coordinate time series estimated using least squares 总被引:6,自引:8,他引:6
The propagation of unmodelled systematic errors into coordinate time series computed using least squares is investigated,
to improve the understanding of unexplained signals and apparent noise in geodetic (especially GPS) coordinate time series.
Such coordinate time series are invariably based on a functional model linearised using only zero and first-order terms of
a (Taylor) series expansion about the approximate coordinates of the unknown point. The effect of such truncation errors is
investigated through the derivation of a generalised systematic error model for the simple case of range observations from
a single known reference point to a point which is assumed to be at rest by the least squares model but is in fact in motion.
The systematic error function for a one pseudo-satellite two-dimensional case, designed to be as simple but as analogous to
GPS positioning as possible, is quantified. It is shown that the combination of a moving reference point and unmodelled periodic
displacement at the unknown point of interest, due to ocean tide loading, for example, results in an output coordinate time
series containing many periodic terms when only zero and first-order expansion terms are used in the linearisation of the
functional model. The amplitude, phase and period of these terms is dependent on the input amplitude, the locations of the
unknown point and reference point, and the period of the reference point's motion. The dominant output signals that arise
due to truncation errors match those found in coordinate time series obtained from both simulated data and real three-dimensional
GPS data. 相似文献
60.
A generic network design in close range photogrammetry is one where optimal multi-ray intersection geometry is obtained with as few camera stations as practicable. Hyper redundancy is a concept whereby, once the generic network is in place, many additional images are recorded, with the beneficial impact upon object point precision being equivalent to the presence of multiple exposures at each camera position within the generic network. The effective number of images per station within a hyper redundant network might well be in the range of 10 to 20 or more. As is apparent when it is considered that a hyper redundant network may comprise hundreds of images, the concept is only applicable in practice to fully automatic vision metrology systems, where it proves to be a very effective means of enhancing measurement accuracy at the cost of minimal additional work in the image recording phase. This paper briefly reviews the network design and accuracy aspects of hyper redundancy and illustrates the technique by way of the photogrammetric measurement of surface deformation of a radio telescope of 26 m diameter. This project required an object point measurement accuracy of σ = 0·065 mm, or 1/400 000 of the diameter of the reflector. 相似文献