GIS专业"空间数据库"课程教学内容研究与实践

随着空间数据库技术的飞速发展,其在众多学科领域的重要性日益突出。地理信息系统专业迫切需要进行＂空间数据＂库课程体系、教学内容和实验内容等方面的教学改革。结合教学实际需求,总结多年的教学经验,将理论与实践相结合进行＂空间数据库＂课程教学内容研究,并简述具体的实施过程。     

3S高新技术学科的特点与教学方法探讨——以郑州大学GIS专业为例

分析了3S高新技术学科的特点,针对工科学生的学科背景,以郑州大学GIS专业全球定位系统和数字摄影测量学为例,探讨了这些学科的教学方法。主要包括：随时掌握学生的思想状况、扩大教学内容的新颖性与信息量、采取灵活多样的课堂教学方法、注重培养学生动手能力等。三年来的教学实践证明,这些措施大大提高了学生的学习积极性与效率,效果显著。     

发现学习在《GPS定位技术》教学中的应用研究

论述了发现式学习与教学的概念,提出了采用发现学习的方法进行《GPS定位技术》教学的可行性,分析了基于发现学习的教学设计和具体内容,指出了发现学习存在的不足。     

测绘工程实验教学示范中心建设初探

介绍了武汉大学测绘学院测绘实验教学示范中心建设情况,分析了实验示范中心所进行的实践与改革,对提高测绘工程专业水平有一定的参考意义。     

以需求为导向的GIS专业人才培养模式

在详细分析GIS学科特征及社会、经济对GIS专业人才的需求状况的基础上,阐述了GIS专业课程设置的指导思想和原则,在此基础上提出了GIS专业课程设置和实践教学体系设计的方案。     

测量平差课程教学改革探讨

测量平差课程作为测绘类本专科生的一门专业必修课程,只有通过教学改革,才能满足科学技术发展和社会对本学科提出的新要求。本文作者结合自身教学实践,从课程的教学体系、教学内容和方法、实践教学、如何培养学生科研能力等几个方面探讨了测量平差课程教学改革中的一些问题。     

Changes in Agricultural Biodiversity： Implications for Sustainable Livelihood in the Himalaya

Himalayan mountain system is distinguished globally for a rich biodiversity and for its role in regulating the climate of the South Asia.Traditional crop-livestock mixed farming in the Himalaya is highly dependent on forests for fodder and manure prepared from forest leaf litter and livestock excreta. Apart from sustaining farm production, forests provide a variety of other tangible and intangible benefits, which are critical for sustainable livelihood of not only 115 million mountain people, but also many more people living in the adjoining plains. Extension of agricultural landuse coupled with replacement of traditional staple food crops by cash crops and of multipurpose agroforestry trees by fruit trees are widespread changes. Cultivation of Fagopyrum esculentum,Fagopyrum tataricum, Panicum miliaceum, Setaria italica and Pisum arvense has been almost abandoned. Increasing stress on cash crops is driven by a socio-cultural change from subsistence to market economy facilitated by improvement in accessibility and supply of staple food grains at subsidized price by the government. Farmers have gained substantial economic benefits from cash crops. However, loss of agrobiodiversity implies more risks to local livelihood in the events of downfall in market price/demand of cash crops, termination of supply of staple food grains at subsidized price, pest outbreaks in a cash crop dominated homogeneous landscape and abnormal climate years. Indigenous innovations enabling improvement in farm economy by conserving and/enhancing agrobiodiversity do exist, but are highly localized. The changes in agrobiodiversity are such that soil loss and run-off from the croplands have dramatically increased together with increase in local pressure on forests. As farm productivity is maintained with forest-based inputs, continued depletion of forest resources will result in poor economic returns from agriculture to local people,apart from loss of global benefits from Himalayan forests. Interventions including improvement in traditional manure and management of on-farm trees,participatory development of agroforestry in degraded forest lands and policies favoring economic benefits to local people from non-timber forest products could reduce the risks of decline in agricultural biodiversity and associated threats to livelihoods and Himalayan ecosystems.     

Changes of soil surface roughness under water erosion process

The objective of this study was to determine the changing characteristics of soil surface roughness under different rainfall intensities and examine the interaction between soil surface roughness and different water erosion processes. Four artificial management practices (raking cropland, artificial hoeing, artificial digging, and contour tillage) were used according to the local agriculture customs of the Loess Plateau of China to simulate different types of soil surface roughness, using an additional smooth slope for comparison purposes. A total of 20 rainfall simulation experiments were conducted in five 1 m by 2 m boxes under two rainfall intensities (0.68 and 1.50 mm min^?1) on a 15° slope. During splash erosion, soil surface roughness decreased in all treatments except raking cropland and smooth baseline under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1, while increasing for all treatments except smooth baseline under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1. During sheet erosion, soil surface roughness decreased for all treatments except hoeing cropland under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1. However, soil surface roughness increased for the artificial hoeing and raking cropland under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1. Soil surface roughness has a control effect on sheet erosion for different treatments under two rainfall intensities. For rill erosion, soil surface roughness increased for raking cropland and artificial hoeing treatments, and soil surface roughness decreased for artificial digging and the contour tillage treatments under two rainfall intensities. Under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1, the critical soil surface roughness was 0.706 cm for the resistance control of runoff and sediment yield. Under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1, the critical soil surface roughness was 1.633 cm for the resistance control of runoff, while the critical soil surface roughness was 0.706 cm for the resistance control of sediment yield. These findings have important implications for clarifying the erosive nature of soil surface roughness and harnessing sloped farmland. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

临沂市与江苏省四市保障用地做法对比分析

临沂市毗邻江苏省,前者是革命老区,经济欠发达城市,后者则是全国经济发展速度最快的省份之一.经济发展形势的差异使得二者在保障用地的措施做法上产生了差别.文章以江苏省徐州市、宿迁市、南通市和扬州市为例,重点分析了经济发展较快地区化解用地矛盾的做法,并与临沂市作了比较,借以提出了可供经济欠发达地区借鉴的保障发展用地的措施建议.     

试论高职院校声乐教学的改革

高职声乐教学多年沿袭高等专业音乐院校的指导思想和教学模式,造成高职学生不能较好胜任基层音乐教育工作。高职声乐教学应以培养合格基础音乐人才为目标,精选合适的教学内容,培养学生一专多能的音乐素养。