测绘工程领域专业学位硕士研究生实践能力培养

在分析测绘工程领域专业学位研究生应具备的实践能力的基础上,提出了实践能力培养应与卓越工程师教育培养计划同步推进,与注册测绘师执业资格兼容,秉承"CDIO"工程教育理念设计教学环节与教学内容。结合全日制专业学位研究生的特点,提出了培养实践能力的实践教学方法和教学内容,可供专业学位研究生培养借鉴。     

利津县节约集约用地实践与思考

当前在国家稳增长、调结构、扩内需的背景下,深挖潜力,节约集约用地已成为土地利用工作的当务之急。利津县通过严格按照产业政策供地、加强农村集体建设用地流转、实施城乡建设用地挂钩项目等措施,提高了用地效率,促进了节约集约用地。但工作中应就土地节约集约利用水平不高、用地空间组织形式相对落后等问题,严格用地管理,优化用地模式,强化土地集约利用。     

空间重构背景下城市多中心研究进展与规划实践

科学认知城市多中心演化规律和规划实践对理解中国在经济转型期的发展逻辑有重要意义。论文从城市多中心概念与测度、驱动机理、绩效研究,以及中国城市多中心的规划实践等方面梳理了相关进展。研究表明,多中心性的概念涵盖形态、功能和治理3个维度,通常基于中心与次中心的识别从不同维度进行测度;城市多中心是社会经济发展与体制交织、市场力量权衡选择和政府规划干预互馈的空间结果,触发和推动的主导因素既具有趋同性,也存在异质性;多中心发展策略在优化空间组织的同时可能带来一定负外部性,其合理性和有效性应纳入研究范畴;多中心发展是中央和地方各级政府进行空间治理、实现协同发展的关键举措,但规划实施成效有待检验。未来,城市多中心研究应重视理论体系和框架的创新,利用多源数据探究不同维度不同尺度的多中心性,重视城市多中心的动态演化模式与动力机制研究,加强对城市多中心多重绩效的系统分析,以及关注多中心规划实践涉及的多层次治理以及治理变革中的整合与冲突。     

Using GIS and a digital elevation model to assess the effectiveness of variable grade flow diversion terraces in reducing soil erosion in northwestern New Brunswick,Canada

Flow diversion terraces (FDT) are commonly used beneficial management practice (BMP) for soil conservation on sloped terrain susceptible to water erosion. A simple GIS‐based soil erosion model was designed to assess the effectiveness of the FDT system under different climatic, topographic, and soil conditions at a sub‐basin level. The model was used to estimate the soil conservation support practice factor (P‐factor), which inherently considered two major outcomes with its implementation, namely (1) reduced slope length, and (2) sediment deposition in terraced channels. A benchmark site, the agriculture‐dominated watershed in northwestern New Brunswick (NB), was selected to test the performance of the model and estimated P‐factors. The estimated P‐factors ranged from 0·38–1·0 for soil conservation planning objectives and ranged from 0·001 to 0·45 in sediment yield calculations for water‐quality assessment. The model estimated that the average annual sediment yield was 773 kg ha^?1 yr ^?1 compared with a measured value of 641 kg ha^?1 yr^?1. The P‐factors estimated in this study were comparable with predicted values obtained with the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE2). The P‐factors from this study have the potential to be directly used as input in hydrological models, such as the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), or in soil conservation planning where only conventional digital elevation models (DEMs) are available. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ENCLOSURE EXPERIMENTS ON AND LACUSTRINE PRACTICE FOR ELIMINATING MICROCYSTIS BLOOM

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｉｃｒｏｃｙｓｔｉｓａｅｒｕｇｉｎｏｓａｗａｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎｂｌｏｏｍ ｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｉｎＤｏｎｇｈｕＬａｋｅ;ｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄｏｎｌｙｓｐｏｒａｄｉｃａｌｌｙｉｎｔｈｅ 1 950ｓ,ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｒａｐｉｄｌｙｉｎｎｕｍｂｅｒｉｎｔｈｅ 1 960ｓ.Ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｏｆｔｈｅ 1 970ｓｔｏｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｏｆｔｈｅ 1 980ｓ,ｔｈｉｃｋｌａｙｅｒｏｆｉｔｓｂｌｏｏｍｃｏｖｅｒｅｄｔｈｅｌａｋｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｅｖｅｒｙｓｕｍｍｅｒ,ａｔｔｒａｃｔ ｉｎｇｆｏ…     

微型钻孔高压灌注桩在处理巨厚松散填土地层中的实践

微型钻孔高压灌注桩先后在淳安县(千岛湖镇)淳建公司综合楼、淳建新村10#楼,淳安县电信局模块综合楼等地基处理中,取得了较好效果,这些工程的地基土,有一共同特点是,层厚达15-30m,块石含量高达50%-80%,孔隙比大,且松密不均.用普通的打桩设备无法施工.用常规的高压灌注浆方式又极容易跑浆,经济成本大,质量难以确保,作者将传统的高压灌浆方式与微型钻孔灌注桩相结合的方法来处理这类地基土,根据对结顶的建筑沉降观察,效果较好,据建设单位核算,用此方法处理这类填土,经济成本要节约20%-30%.     

地震裂缝处理方法与实践

经过东洱河水库和大河边水库工程在地震后产生的裂缝,采用充填灌浆方法进行处理,地震裂缝内形成了坚实的连续有效的水泥黏土混合浆体,提高了坝体的密实度,增强了坝体抗变形的能力,从而达到了地震产生裂缝处理的预期目的     

Changes in concentration–discharge regression parameters due to coal mining and reclamation activities / Changements dans les paramètres de régression entre concentration et débit,causés par l’exploitation minière de charbon et des activités de reconversion

Abstract

Abstract Assessment of the impacts of mining and reclamation, and design of management practices to reduce chemical loads in stream channels, require knowledge of changing hydrological conditions and of changing sources and rates of release of chemicals into stream waters. One simple method for evaluating these impacts is to combine flow duration curves with regression relations between surface-water chemical concentrations (C) and instantaneous discharge (Q). However, little is known regarding the drainage basin-scale effects of mining and reclaiming drainage basins on regression relations. These effects were assessed on three small experimental drainage basins in Ohio subjected to surface mining for coal. Comparisons were made between regression parameter changes for natural/undisturbed conditions, land disturbances caused by mining and reclamation, incomplete reclamation, and the final condition of the reclaimed drainage basins. Regression analysis used a total of 5047 laboratory analyses of 36 constituents. Of 429 regressions, 153 (36%) were statistically significant. Knowledge of changes in regression parameters is important because regressions supply information on the rate of release and supply of chemical constituents in mined and reclaimed drainage basins. Duration curves of concentration and loads can be constructed using these regressions with flow–duration curves to give estimates of the percentage of time that concentrations and loads are exceeded during different phases of disturbance. This study assessed the changes in regression relations due to mining coal seams and reclamation activities for 36 chemical constituents, two mining methods, three reclamation practices and three distinct geologic settings.     

地籍测量野外教学实习探究

针对传统《地籍测量野外教学实习》中存在的实习内容与实际地籍测量工作脱节的问题,提出从实习的内容设计、实习的标准化建设等方面入手,遵循“依据规范,实战模拟,严格要求,合理紧凑”的实习原则,改进地籍测量野外教学实习的效果。经过几年的教学实践证明,这些方法可以有效地提高地籍测量野外教学实习的质量。     

多年冻土地区公路修筑技术研究与工程实践

为系统总结、集成青藏高原多年冻土地区公路修筑技术,在青藏公路、青康公路50 a建设和30 a工程技术研究的基础上,研究高海拔多年冻土区公路工程病害发牛发展的规律与机理.通过公路与冻土相互作用下关键工程稳定性问题的深入分析,针对多年冻土地区公路路基、路面、桥梁、生态保护等主要工程对象,采用理论模拟、室内试验与实体工程检验相结合的方法,揭示了公路路基、路面、桥涌桩基与多年冻土相互作用规律;提出了保障公路路基稳定系列工程措施与设计参数、路而低温耐久性能的关键指标、桥梁桩基同冻时间与强度形成的关系以及高寒生态恢复技术等,并最终形成多年冻土地区公路修筑成套技术.