土木大类测量学实践教学体系改革的探讨

从生产实践对土木工程专业人才的测量能力的要求出发,对工程测量实践教学内容、教学方法、实践体系、评价体系进行了改革与探索,教学中既有效继承传统测量方法又重视现代测量技术的应用,致力于提高土木大类工程测量教学质量和培养合格的应用型人才.     

黑龙江省地理国(省)情监测初探

地理国情监测是动态掌握自然资源分布、生态环境变化、社会可持续发展及科学决策的重要手段。本文综合介绍黑龙江省地理国(省)情监测的现有基础,列举了已有具体实践,并结合黑龙江省的工作重点及基础测绘现状提出黑龙江省地理国(省)情监测方向,阐述了主要技术手段及监测成果与发布。     

金乡县耕地保护工作初探

金乡县耕地资源丰富,近年来随着社会经济的迅速发展,土地供求矛盾日益突出。金乡县创新机制落实耕地保护,推进土地节约集约利用,扎实开展土地开发整理,加强基本农田建设,切实保护了耕地资源。     

以赛促学,构建面向“地形测量实习”全过程的定量化考核体系

针对“地形测量实习”课程考核存在的问题,构建了“过程化、定量化”的考核体系,以考核学生的实践动手能力为重点优化考核内容,形成了贯穿于实践教学全过程的、多样化的考核方法,制定了定量化的成绩评定标准,课程考核由终结性评价向形成性评价转变。该考核体系引导学生由被动学习转变为主动学习,能够切实加强学生实践能力培养,进而完善测绘学科在工程教育专业认证环境下的人才培养模式。     

中国防震减灾法律体系与立法实践综述

我国防震减灾法律体系由国家法律、国务院行政法规、国务院部门规章、地方性法规和地方政府规章等组成。在国家层面,正在施行的国家法律有1部、国务院行政法规有5部、国务院部门规章有8部。在省级层面,正在施行的省级地方性法规有38部、省级政府规章有50部。这些法律、法规、规章对于规范防震减灾活动发挥了重要作用,保障并推动了防震减灾事业健康发展。本文从国家和省级2个层面总结梳理了中国防震减灾法律体系建设和立法实践情况,并对今后工作提出了建议。     

中国陆相页岩油地质特征与勘探实践

陆相页岩油作为我国油气增储上产的重要接替领域日益受到广泛关注.本文系统阐述了我国陆相页岩油地质特征、理论与技术研究进展,并对陆相页岩油的发展前景进行了展望:①中国陆相页岩与北美海相页岩相比,具有非均质性强、累计厚度大、分布面积小、热演化程度相对较低、有机质类型多样的特点;②中国陆相湖盆主要有断陷和坳陷两类盆地,页岩沉积...     

Modeling erosion and sediment control practices with RUSLE 2.0: a management approach for natural gas well sites in Denton County,TX, USA

Sediment yields from natural gas well sites in Denton County, TX, USA can be substantial and warrant consideration of appropriate erosion and sediment control best management practices (BMPs). Version 2 of the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE 2.0) was used to predict sediment yields and evaluate the efficiency of BMPs for multiple combinations of different land surface conditions (soil erodibility and slope) commonly found at gas well sites in the area. Annual average sediment yield predictions from unprotected site conditions ranged from 12.1 to 134.5 tonnes per hectare per year (t/ha/yr). Sediment yield predictions for 1, 2, 5, and 10-year design storms ranged from 8.1 to 20.6 t/ha. When site conditions were modeled with BMPs, predicted sediment yields were 52–93% less. A comparison of modeled efficiency values to a review of laboratory and field data suggests that modeled (theoretical) sediment yield results with BMPs are likely best case scenarios. This study also evaluated BMPs in the context of site management goals and implementation cost, demonstrating a practical approach for the application of RUSLE 2.0 for managing soil loss and understanding the importance of selecting appropriate site-specific BMPs for disturbed site conditions.     

辩证认识和把握学习实践活动的几个关系问题

结合当前正在全党开展的深入学习实践科学发展观活动和科技性企业特点,从党委书记“第一责任人”的角度积极思考,提出并探讨了扎实有效开展学习实践活动需要辩证认识和把握的“提高认识”与“搞好活动”、“注重实践”与“理论武装”、“加强领导”与“做好表率”等三个关系问题。     

逐次线性化衰减层析成像方法研究

在时间域衰减成像的基础上,建立了一种与当前走时层析成像类似的衰减成像方法——逐次线性化衰减层析成像方法,这是一种基于射线理论的方法.文中推导了逐次线性化过程的一系列公式,给出了相应的迭代算法及实现技术,并通过数值实验验证了方法的可行性.作为走时层析成像的补充方法,实现多参数成像.工程勘察实践表明,走时与衰减联合成像方法的应用效果良好.     

A critical review of methods for pile design in seismically liquefiable soils

Collapse and/or severe damage to pile-supported structures are still observed in liquefiable soils after most major earthquakes. Poor performance of pile foundations remains a great concern to the earthquake engineering community. This review paper compares and contrasts the two plausible theories on pile failure in liquefiable soils. The well established theory of pile failure is based on a flexural mechanism; where the lateral loads on the pile (due to inertia and/or lateral spreading) induce bending failure. This theory is well researched in the recent past and assumes that piles are laterally loaded beams. A more recent theory based on buckling instability treats the piles as laterally unsupported slender columns in liquefiable soils and investigates the buckling instability (bifurcation). The objective of this paper is to investigate the implications to practical pile foundation design that flow from both these theories. Provisions for design made by major international codes of practice for pile design including the Japanese Highway Code (JRA) will be considered. The necessity for such codes to consider alternative forms of failure mechanisms such as the buckling instability of piles in liquefied ground will be discussed. S. Bhattacharya–Previously Departmental Lecturer in Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK and Fellow of Somerville College, Oxford. S. P. G. Madabhushi–Fellow of Girton College, Cambridge.