Surface vertical displacements, potential perturbations andgravity changes of a viscoelastic earth model induced by internal point dislocations

Using the viscoelastic correspondence principle, we utilize the surface coseismic spheroidal deformation fields (i.e. vertical displacements, potential perturbations and gravity changes) of SNREI earth models caused by four typical types of point dislocation, derived by Sun & Okubo (1993 ), to deduce the fundamental formulas for spheroidal fields relevant to viscoelastic earth models. In computations, we employ a strike-slip dislocation on a vertical plane buried at the bottom of the lithosphere to estimate the maximal viscous relaxation responses to this kind of source that possibly exist on the surface of the earth. We take the seismic moment as 10²²  N  m, which is characteristic of an average large earthquake. The numerical results demonstrate that, if we take the viscosity as 10¹⁹  Pa  s in the asthenosphere, and 10²¹  Pa  s in the other mantle layers, the rates of surface vertical displacements and gravity changes within about 2.5° for the 10 postseismic years are respectively 1.5–8.1  cm  yr⁻¹ and 4.0–14.9  μgal  yr⁻¹ : the viscous relaxation for this mantle viscosity profile proceeds much faster than for a constant mantle viscosity of 10²¹  Pa  s.     

地震危险性分析中确定潜在震源的反思

在区域稳定性评价中,其主要内容之一就是地震稳定性评价。近年来,国内外多采用地震危险性分析的概率方法作为区域地震稳定性评价的主要方法。 在地震危险性分析中,首要问题是确定区域潜在震源,但至今尚缺乏完整、科学的理论和实践。作者认为有必要从地震地质角度进行一次深刻的地质反思。 本文从构造变形的动力源、区域及局部应力场、地震断裂活动带的地震重复周期,地震断裂的活动特征及区域地震强度衰减规律等几个方面提出了若干看法,作为地震危险性分析的基础地震地质工作加以考虑。至于常见的非发震断裂在区域地震稳定性评为中所起的作用,则需对这些断裂的地质特征与周围地质体的介质特征进行具体的对比分析,才能判定其对地震波传播的影响,不能一概而论。     

宽甸岩金预测区指示元素的优选

本文介绍了在宽甸无已知金矿床地区岩金预测工作中优选指示元素的思路。依据金矿地球化学理论,参考成矿带内已知金矿地球化学资料初选指示元素作为化学分析项目。化学分析结果出来后,编制地球化学图件时,考虑到减轻图幅负担和编图工作量,突出有用找矿信息,我们利用元素的变异性和致矿系数筛选出具有明显变异性和较高致矿性的元素,在此基础上利用元素间统计相关性和空间相关性,保留与成矿元素Au有明显相关性的元素,作为优选出的指示元素。     

不同密度镜质组的热解色谱特征及生烃潜力的研究

摘要：用热解色谱（Ｒｏｃｋ－Ｅｖａｌ）对２个褐煤样、３个气煤样的２８个分离组分进行了研究,揭示了不同密度镜质组组分之间生烃潜力具有较大的差异性;镜质组不仅可以作为重要的生气母质,而且还可以作为重要的生油母质。     

随机介质的声散射(Ⅰ)——广义Born近似反演

运用泛函微分方法给出弱随机介质中散射问题的散射幅度Ｂｏｒｎ近似的推广形式。讨论了关于阻尼最小二乘法反演介质参数的各价相关函数的方法,并讨论具有有限支集势函数扰动的逆问题的唯一性,其结果对运用Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ法等数值方法有实际意义。     

An analysis of horizontal dispersion due to the drift current with an Ekman layer

An analytical method for describing horizontal matter dispersion in shear currents is presented using a tensor expression from the point of view that matter dispersion due to the shear effect should be one of the principal mixing dilution processes. Although the behavior of horizontal dispersion is considerably more complicated than common longitudinal dispersion, the present study elucidates the vertical structure of dispersion and the dispersing process from the initial to the stationary stage, besides the usual depth-averaged dispersion coefficient at the stationary stage. As one of the typical applications of horizontal dispersion, dispersion due to the pure drift current with an Ekman layer is examined theoretically using the present method. This examination reveals that the displacement of the centroid and the major axis of dispersion are twisted in the vertical direction more than the direction of the current vector forming the Ekman spiral; that the variance increases in proportion to the third power of the elapsed time; and that the dispersion coefficient at the stationary stage remains constant, independent of the depth normalized by an Ekman layer thickness. Such dependence of the dispersion coefficient in the steady current is shown to be different from that in the oscillatory current, which is inversely proportional to the depth normalized by a Stokes layer thickness. This is considered to be induced by the difference of the vertical profiles of the first order moment in both currents, that is, the shear region of the first order moment is restricted around the floor by the alternation of the current shear in the oscillatory current while it is diffused in the whole depth in the steady current.     

地下水弥散系数的测定

以大红染料为示踪剂,采用单井脉冲注入示踪剂的方法测定了主井和观测井中示踪剂的浓度变化,并用解析公式法计算了西小洞垃圾场地下水的纵向弥散系数。     

青黄公路交通调查及交通量预测

通过对1998年2月青黄公路的交通调查,分析了青黄公路的交通现状,根据青岛市的国民经济增长速度、交通运输发展及城市出入口资料,利用弹性系数法预测了2000年和2010年青黄公路的城市交通量。     

引潮位展开中的面球谐函数及其递推公式

为了引潮位展开,文中定义了一种完全规格化的面球谐函数,同时根据勒让德（Ｌｅｇｅｎｄｒｅ）函数以及契比雪夫（Ｃｈｅｂｙｓｈｅｖ）多项式之递推公式,导出一组面球谐函数的递推公式．据此改进引潮位计算程序,使引潮位展开在ＰＣ－５８６计算机上只需要不到１０ｍｉｎ时间即可完成．完全规格化的面球谐函数可以起到规格化的作用,没有必要再继续采用杜德森（Ｄｏｏｄｓｏｎ）规格化．即使采用,也没有必要使用严格的小数值,取其相近的整数值即可．以完全规格化的缔合球谐函数代替Ｄｏｏｄｓｏｎ规格化,并借助面球谐函数的递推公式,使引潮位的表达式更加简洁、规范．文中对高精度潮汐计算中的一些重要问题进行了讨论,指出以往在Ｄｏｏｄｓｏｎ常数归算上存在的误区,还就天体与测站坐标系统的一致性问题进行了讨论．     

浅谈区域地质及矿产调查中的（有关）物探工作

在区域地质调查和找矿工作中,运用地球物理信息解释地质体、线性构造、矿化体、矿体是行之有效的方法。解释的原则是遵循以地质为前提,以物性为基础,以各类地球物理资料为依据,点面结合的解释程序。笔者通过具体实例阐述了物探资料在地质填图和矿产调查中的应用效果,特别是运用综合信息提出的夹皮沟金矿田“一型三式”成矿模型的实例,对该地区地质找矿工作具有一定的实际意义 。