基于融和算法的二维Delaunay三角网任意点定位研究

二维Delaunay三角网中任意点定位的快慢是影响整个内插构网速度的关键因素。针对目前各种算法还不能在定位速度和穿越路径惟一性之间达到一个有效平衡,本文从计算机实现角度出发,将三角形面积坐标、重心和点与有向线段的关系三者有机结合,构建出一种新的点定位算法。算法定位路径惟一,速度快,是一种健壮高效的最短路径定位算法。     

同波束干涉测量在月面相对定位中的应用

基于同波束干涉测量原理和观测模型,针对月面目标特性,推导了给定着陆器先验位置的差分时延、差分时延率观测方程。引入指定高程约束、月球数字地形模型等约束方程,提出巡视器相对位置确定的卡尔曼滤波算法。通过仿真数据进行了验证和评估,表明该算法可快速、较高精度地确定月面巡视器相对着陆器的位置。     

基于北斗卫星通信的地震应急指挥系统研究

北斗卫星导航系统是我国自主建设、独立运行、具有完全知识产权的卫星导航系统。其兼具定位及通信功能的独有技术优势特别适用于大震后通讯中断的地震应急环境。本研究将北斗卫星通信技术及地理信息技术结合应用于地震应急指挥系统的建设中：基于北斗卫星定位技术解决灾害现场人员的位置追踪;利用北斗短报文技术解决盲区紧急通信问题;采用串口通讯、多线程、SHH2框架、Web GIS等技术构建数据采集、解析及综合呈现平台。最终完成集位置监控、灾情上报、统计展示、指挥调度于一体的北斗应急指挥系统建设,进一步提升了重大地震灾害的应急救助信息保障能力。     

SLIP OFFSET ALONG STRIKE-SLIP FAULT DETERMINED FROM STREAM TERRACES FORMATION

Slip rate is one of the most important parameters in quantitative research of active faults. It is an average rate of fault dislocation during a particular period, which can reflect the strain energy accumulation rate of a fault. Thus it is often directly used in the evaluation of seismic hazard. Tectonic activities significantly influence regional geomorphic characteristics. Therefore, river evolution characteristics can be used to study tectonic activities characteristics, which is a relatively reliable method to determine slip rate of fault. Based on the study of the river geomorphology evolution process model and considering the influence of topographic and geomorphic factors, this paper established the river terrace dislocation model and put forward that the accurate measurement of the displacement caused by the fault should focus on the erosion of the terrace caused by river migration under the influence of topography. Through the analysis of the different cases in detail, it was found that the evolution of rivers is often affected by the topography, and rivers tend to migrate to the lower side of the terrain and erode the terraces on this side. However, terraces on the higher side of the terrain can usually be preserved, and the displacement caused by faulting can be accumulated relatively completely. Though it is reliable to calculate the slip rate of faults through the terrace dislocation on this side, a detailed analysis should be carried out in the field in order to select the appropriate terraces to measure the displacement under the comprehensive effects of topography, landform and other factors, if the terraces on both sides of the river are preserved. In order to obtain the results more objectively, we used Monte Carlo method to estimate the fault displacement and displacement error range. We used the linear equation to fit the position of terrace scarps and faults, and then calculate the terrace displacement. After 100, 000 times of simulation, the fault displacement and its error range could be obtained with 95%confidence interval. We selected the Gaoyan River in the eastern Altyn Tagh Fault as the research object, and used the unmanned air vehicle aerial photography technology to obtain the high-resolution DEM of this area. Based on the terrace evolution model proposed in this paper, we analyzed the terrace evolution with the detailed interpretation of the topography and landform of the DEM, and inferred that the right bank of the river was higher than the left bank, which led to the continuous erosion of the river to the left bank, while the terraces on the right bank were preserved. In addition, four stages of fault displacements and their error ranges were obtained by Monte Carlo method. By integrating the dating results of previous researches in this area, we got the fault slip rate of(1.80±0.51)mm/a. After comparing this result with the slip rates of each section of Altyn Tagh Fault studied by predecessors, it was found that the slip rate obtained in this paper is in line with the variation trend of the slip rate summarized by predecessors, namely, the slip rate gradually decreases from west to east, from 10~12mm/a in the middle section to about 2mm/a at the end.     

吉林省夹皮沟金矿带几个重要地质问题的讨论

夹皮沟金矿带位于吉林省东南部桦甸地区。自1820 年发现以来,已累计探明黄金地质储量150 吨左右。该金矿带位于中朝古板块北缘东段与布列亚-佳木斯地块南缘的碰撞对接部位附近。区内发育5 条平行的NW 向含矿构造带,其北端均以锐角交汇于挥发河断裂。有别于前人的研究成果,本文提出夹皮沟金矿带恰好位于高级区与夹皮沟花岗-绿岩带的接触部位,形成以夹皮沟金矿化带为中心的矿化分带。夹皮沟金矿带为中生代成矿,夹皮沟NW 向弧形构造片理化带及其上盘扇状断裂系控制着金矿床的分布。在主要NW 构造带之间,还存在一系列与之平行的次级构造,它们与扇状断裂的交汇点及扇状构造系中的横向应力集中带是金矿化定位的有利部位。     

相位误差、位置误差和灰度误差三者关系及SAR原始图像像元不确定性

由于SAR遥感的独特优势，使它得到了广泛的应用。因此，对SAR图像的不确定性研究也越来越必要和迫切了。针对数据分析方法的不足，该文着重从机理的角度探讨SAR原始像元的不确定性。相位误差、位置误差和灰度误差三者关系、各种误差分类和综合以及这些误差对SAR原始像元不确定性作用等问题往往是困扰从机理角度对SAR图像不确定性研究的主要障碍，该文重点讨论这些问题。     

南堡1号构造馆三段断盖配置油气渗漏部位及其控藏作用

为了研究南堡凹陷南堡1号馆三段火山岩盖层上下油气分布规律,在馆三段火山岩盖层及其内油气渗漏断裂发育及分布特征研究的基础上,通过对馆三段火山岩盖层断接厚度与其封油气所需最小断接厚度相对大小的比较和对油气渗漏断裂凸面脊的确定,预测了南堡1号构造馆三段断盖配置油气渗漏部位;并结合油气分布,对断盖配置油气渗漏部位对油气成藏与分布的控制作用进行了研究。结果表明,南堡1号构造馆三段断盖配置发育10处油气渗漏部位,其中：F₂及分支断裂油气渗漏部位最发育,有3处油气渗漏部位;其次是F₁、F₆断裂,有2处油气渗漏部位;F₃、F₄、F₅和F₇断裂仅各发育1处油气渗漏部位。这些油气渗漏部位及附近有利于下伏东一段油气在上覆馆三段之上聚集成藏,应是造成南堡1-1断鼻、南堡1-3断块和南堡1-5断鼻北部油区油气既可以分布在下伏东一段又可分布在馆三段之上,而南堡1-5断鼻南部油气仅分布在下伏东一段的根本原因。     

Sensitivity of the elastic anisotropy and seismic reflection amplitude of the Eagle Ford Shale to the presence of kerogen

The Eagle Ford Shale of Central and South Texas is currently of great interest for oil and gas exploration and production. Laboratory studies show that the Eagle Ford Shale is anisotropic, with a correlation between anisotropy and total organic carbon. Organic materials are usually more compliant than other minerals present in organic‐rich shales, and their shapes and distribution are usually anisotropic. This makes organic materials an important source of anisotropy in organic‐rich shales. Neglecting shale anisotropy may lead to incorrect estimates of rock and fluid properties derived from inversion of amplitude versus offset seismic data. Organic materials have a significant effect on the PP and PS reflection amplitudes from the Austin Chalk/Upper Eagle Ford interface, the Upper Eagle Ford/Lower Eagle Ford interface, and the Lower Eagle Ford/Buda Limestone interface. The higher kerogen content of the Lower Eagle Ford compared with that of the Upper Eagle Ford leads to a negative PP reflection amplitude that dims with offset, whereas the PS reflection coefficient increases in magnitude with increasing offset. The PP and PS reflection coefficients at the Austin Chalk/Upper Eagle Ford interface, the Upper Eagle Ford/Lower Eagle Ford interface, and the Lower Eagle Ford/Buda Limestone interface all increase in magnitude with increasing volume fraction of kerogen.     

被动桩水平位移荷载施加位置的探讨

被动桩是指一种由于土体水平位移而发生挠曲变形的桩。目前不论是室内试验还是数值计算,常在模型边界对土体施加水平位移荷载（位移边界条件）形成土体的位移场,用来研究被动桩的变形特征,但不同研究者采用的水平位移施加位置（边界位置）与被动桩的距离存在较大差异。结合一个工程案例,采用有限单元法对水平位移加载位置进行了单变量参数分析。研究表明,随着水平位移加载位置与被动桩距离的增加,桩身变形显著减小。这表明了施加位移边界后地基中存在明显的应力扩散。当该距离小于5.5倍桩径时,在模型边界施加同等大小的水平位移所需应力显著增加。同时讨论了水平荷载加载位置与被动桩距离的合理范围,认为应在5～8倍桩径范围之内。     

侧向侵蚀相关的走滑断裂滑动速率计算新方法

断层滑动速率是活动构造研究中的重要内容,是反映断裂活动性和地震危险性的重要参数之一。随着测年技术不断发展和测年精度大幅度提高,全新世甚至千年尺度和百年尺度的年轻地质体的位错也越来越多地被用于断层滑动速率计算。用走滑断裂带上地质体实测年龄计算滑动速率,会受到2种因素影响:1)累积位移时间是否与所测地质体年代相符合;2)地质体位移形成过程中会受到侵蚀。在利用全新世地质体计算断层滑动速率时,应将侧向侵蚀的影响剔除。因此,文中提出1种计算走滑断层滑动速率的新方法——差值法。走滑断层上河流阶地演化与断层位错分析表明,在阶地拔河高度存在较大差异的情况下,可以利用阶地拔河高度与年龄按比例进行计算。此方法在一定程度上提高了所计算滑动速率的精度,但是需要至少有3级不同阶地的拔河高度、年龄以及位错信息。若阶地拔河高度近似呈等差排列,即各级阶地上侧向侵蚀量近似相等的情况下,利用高-低阶地累积位错量之差与对应阶地年龄差来计算滑动速率,可以在一定程度上减少上述2种因素对滑动速率的影响。应用差值法计算得到阿尔金与昆仑断裂的滑动速率为4.7~8.8mm/a,与前人获得的地质学滑动速率、测地学滑动速率、缩短速率以及强震复发周期结果一致。