Historical record of heavy metals in a highly contaminated Mediterranean deposit: The Besòs prodelta

The Besòs prodelta, located around a highly populated area, receives the discharge of the Besòs River, one of the most contaminated rivers discharging into the Mediterranean sea. The record of heavy metals accumulated in this prodelta is studied to assess the sedimentary behaviour and the history of the anthropogenic heavy metals in the area.

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dated sediments have allowed the identification of the sedimentation patterns and the elaboration of dated heavy metals and cenospheres profiles, which reflected the evolution of the anthropogenic impact in this marine environment. Sediments accumulated during the 18th and 19th centuries were already affected by a moderate heavy metal contamination. This contamination increased drastically in the sediments accumulated during the last decades. This data is well correlated with the increase in industrialisation, population and energy consumption in the Besòs drainage basin during the last century.     

基于规则波波形的超声波非接触测量有关问题探讨

波浪波形的非接触测量近年来获得广泛的应用。本文以规则波为讨论对象，针对介质为空气的超声波测量方式进行波形测量误差分析，并结合实验室和实船试验进行对比分析。理论分析表明：在规则波取为坦谷波和ＳＴＯＫＥＳ波的前提下，超声波技术几乎产生相同的最大误差。定量分析表明，在对测量精度限制的条件下，对文中提及的各项参数应作有效的控制     

传感器电桥电路的非线性修正──用反馈补偿法修正传感器电桥电路的非线性误差

介绍一种反馈补偿法修正传感器电桥电路的非线性。提出反馈补偿原理及应用实例，指出用该方法可获得满意的补偿效果。     

关于海域面积精确计算的若干问题探讨

海域面积精确计算是实现海洋功能区划的基础和关键之一。本文通过对江苏省海洋功能区划工作中误差的分析 ,并针对其产生原因 ,在地图投影的选择和坐标的变换、扫描精度的控制、配准精度的控制、图象的数字化和图形编辑等方面 ,提出了相应的优化处理方法 ,提高了海域面积计算的精度 ,将其中误差控制在估计值范围内 ,从而在实际工作中有一定的应用价值。     

Preconditioned Optimizing Utility for Large-dimensional analyses (POpULar)

I present the derivation of the Preconditioned Optimizing Utility for Large-dimensional analyses (POpULar), which is developed for adopting a non-diagonal background error covariance matrix in nonlinear variational analyses (i.e., analyses employing a non-quadratic cost function). POpULar is based on the idea of a linear preconditioned conjugate gradient method widely adopted in ocean data assimilation systems. POpULar uses the background error covariance matrix as a preconditioner without any decomposition of the matrix. This preconditioning accelerates the convergence. Moreover, the inverse of the matrix is not required. POpULar therefore allows us easily to handle the correlations among deviations of control variables (i.e., the variables which will be analyzed) from their background in nonlinear problems. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of POpULar, we illustrate two effects which are often neglected in studies of ocean data assimilation before. One is the effect of correlations among the deviations of control variables in an adjoint analysis. The other is the nonlinear effect of sea surface dynamic height calculation required when sea surface height observation is employed in a three-dimensional ocean analysis. As the results, these effects are not so small to neglect.     

陀螺经纬仪的读数方法比较研究

介绍了陀螺定向测量中三种不同的数据采集方法，分析了各种方法的优缺点。作者认为传感器采集数据自动化程度高，精度高，特别是运用位置敏感探测器（PSD）采样数据量大，具有一定的抗干扰能力，但在运用传感器采样时必须注意克服非线性误差。     

Variations of the Kuroshio Axis South of Kyushu in Relation to the Large Meander of the Kuroshio

The characteristics of the Kuroshio axis south of Kyushu, which meanders almost sinusoidally, are clarified in relation to the large meander of the Kuroshio by analyzing water temperature data during 1961–95 and sea level during 1984–95. The shape of the Kuroshio axis south of Kyushu is classified into three categories of small, medium, and large amplitude of meander. The small amplitude category occupies more than a half of the large-meander (LM) period, while the medium amplitude category takes up more than a half of the non-large-meander (NLM) period. Therefore, the amplitude and, in turn, the curvature of the Kuroshio axis is smaller on average during the LM period than the NLM period. The mean Kuroshio axis during the LM period is located farther north at every longitude south of Kyushu than during the NLM period, with a slight difference west of the Tokara Islands and a large difference to the east. A northward shift of the Kuroshio axis in particular east of the Tokara Islands induces small amplitude and curvature of the meandering shape during the LM period. During the NLM period, the meandering shape and position south of Kyushu change little with Kuroshio volume transport. In the LM formation stage, the variation of the Kuroshio axis is small west of the Tokara Islands but large to the east due to a small meander of the Kuroshio. In the LM decay stage, the Kuroshio meanders greatly south of Kyushu and is located stably near the coast southeast of Kyushu. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

三对角系统的最佳向后扰动分析

用一种新方法研究了三对角方程组及对称三对角方程组计算解的最佳向后扰动分析。由于这两类方程组的系数矩阵具有特殊结构 ,因而本文结果不能从已有结果直接导出。所用方法亦可用于研究 KKT及 SQD等结构线性系统的最佳向后扰动分析。     

洋浦近岸海域污染控制规划方案优化——Ⅰ.排污口位置优选

在洋浦近岸海域计算潮流场基础上,计算预选排污口附近海水质点运动轨迹及预测污染物浓度分布,最后,从环保角度出发,推荐了洋浦地区各开发区的排污口位置,为洋浦近岸海域污染控制规划方案的制定及其优化提供了依据。