海底爆破振动强度衰减规律及中华白海豚保护措施研究

为确保海底爆破施工所诱发的振动不对中华白海豚造成危害,基于量纲分析法对萨道夫斯基经验公式进行修正,建立适用于预测海底爆破质点峰值振动速度的相似准数方程。在此基础上根据现场试验数据进行非线性回归运算,得到相关参数并分析了海底爆破振动强度衰减规律。分析表明:海底爆破质点峰值振速主要由单段装药量、监测点距爆心水平距离、覆盖层厚度及海水深度等因素决定。将参数值分别代入萨氏公式及新建公式计算预测值并进行误差估计,其平均误差分别为20.3%和10.0%,新建公式提高了对质点振速预测的准确性。利用新建公式及超压内安全振速估算保护中华白海豚的安全距离并提出相应的保护措施,为同类工程施工提供理论参考依据。     

Upper Ocean Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal

A regional ocean circulation model with four-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme is configured to study the ocean state of the Indian Ocean region (65°E–95°E; 5°N–20°N) covering the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB). The state estimation setup uses 10 km horizontal resolution and 5 m vertical resolution in the upper ocean. The in-situ temperature and salinity, satellite-derived observations of sea surface height, and blended (in-situ and satellite-derived) observations of sea surface temperature alongwith their associated uncertainties are used for data assimilation with the regionally configured ocean model. The ocean state estimation is carried out for 61 days (1 June to 31 July 2013). The assimilated fields are closer to observations compared to other global state estimates. The mixed layer depth (MLD) of the region shows deepening during the period of assimilation with AS showing higher MLD compared to the BoB. An empirical forecast equation is derived for the prediction of MLD using the air–sea forcing variables as predictors. The surface and sub-surface (50 m) heat and salt budget tendencies of the region are also investigated. It is found that at the sub-surface, only the advection and diffusion temperature and salt tendencies are important.     

空间数据挖掘在海域天然气水合物资源评价中的应用

海域天然气水合物早期勘探阶段多使用地震调查方法,利用BSR和速度异常等指标圈定水合物矿体进行资源评价、优选预测勘探目标。阐明了空间数据挖掘技术在天然气水合物早期勘探评价阶段的应用,并通过珠江口盆地东部海域多道地震速度分析中所获速度异常信息,应用核密度估计方法,定量地划分了2个天然气水合物有利分布区(面积分别为18 km2和70 km2),进而为后期天然气水合物试采生产提供了重要依据及基础数据。     

半连续培养下东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻种群生长过程与种间竞争研究

采用半连续培养方法研究了温度和营养盐(N和P)限制对中国东海2种重要赤潮生物东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻生长及种间竞争的影响。结果表明,东海原甲藻在20℃和25℃时生长状态良好,具有明显的指数增长期,15℃时细胞生长明显受到影响;中肋骨条藻具有较广的温度适应性,15~25℃时均具有明显的指数增长期。东海原甲藻可以忍受低营养盐环境并种群增长,而中肋骨条藻细胞增长需要较丰富的营养盐。在营养盐充足的环境里中肋骨条藻具有竞争优势,相反,在营养盐限制的环境中,东海原甲藻是竞争的优胜者。实验结果与东海原甲藻赤潮爆发现场的环境调查结果基本一致,可以作为解释东海原甲藻赤潮形成原因的依据。     

基于MATLAB的基本矩阵随机采样鲁棒估计

基本矩阵的估算可以分为线性算法、非线性优化迭代算法、鲁棒估计算法三大类,而以鲁棒估计效率、效果最为突出,但是实现比较复杂。本文通过数码相机获取的两张未标定照片,采样互相关系数法和RANSAC算法,在MATLAB中实现了基本矩阵的自动拟合,实验表明拟合精度较高、速度快,为下一步三维场景的自动重建和量测奠定了基础。     

海洋围隔生态系中浮游动物的研究

2002-05-20-26在东海进行小尺度船基浮游生物生态系围隔实验,研究浮游动物的群落结构、组成与环境之间的关系,探讨了优势种群的自然繁殖发育期。结果表明,浮游动物的种类组成较简单,优势种明显。浮游动物生物量、丰度及优势种群丰度三者的变化呈逐渐增加趋势。在实验期的1～5d,小拟哲水蚤的无节幼虫和早期幼体占绝对优势,该自然种群的丰度不断增加;随时间推移,无节幼虫逐渐发育为桡足幼体,而后又逐渐发育为成体。因此,本次实验期是实验海区优势种小拟哲水蚤种群的自然繁殖发育盛期。     

Evidence of the restricted gene flow within a small spatial scale in the Japanese common intertidal goby Chaenogobius annularis

Elucidating the scale of gene flow among populations is an important challenge for understanding the ecological dynamics and local adaptation of marine organisms. We assessed whether gene flow is restricted even at a small spatial scale in the Japanese common intertidal goby Chaenogobius annularis, using highly polymorphic DNA markers, involving the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and 15 microsatellite DNA (msDNA), because past ecological studies have suggested low dispersal ability for rocky intertidal fishes. We found significant heterogeneities between four neighboring local populations by both mtDNA and msDNA analyses. In addition, no genetic heterogeneity was detected by either method across generations within a population; it was considered that such genetic differentiation is retained across generations and that the gene flow of this species is restricted to within a radius of a few kilometers. This is the first report showing a clear genetic subdivision in rocky intertidal fish.     

Genetic variability of the blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus in the Western Mediterranean Sea inferred by DNA microsatellite loci

Genetic variation at eight microsatellite loci was studied in nine populations of the blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus to investigate whether distinct stocks are present in the Western Mediterranean Sea. A high level of gene flow and no evidence of genetic partitioning were discovered. No significant variation was found (F_ST = 0.00673, P-value = 0.067) even when shrimps from exploited and those from deep-water unexploited grounds were compared. No evidence of reduction or expansion of population size in the recent past was found, as indicated by the bottleneck and interlocus g-tests. Our results are consistent with previous studies using mitochondrial gene methods and allozymes, indicating that, for this species, extensive pelagic larval dispersal and adult migration are probably responsible for the genetic homogeneity observed. In particular, due to a different bathymetric distribution of males and females, reported to be associated with different water masses and hence with possible differential dispersal capacity between sexes, the hypothesis of sex-biased dispersal was tested. Mean values of corrected assignment indices and mean relatedness values were higher for males, suggesting that females are the more widely dispersing sex. Molecular assessment of A. antennatus from the Western Mediterranean provides data of biological and evolutionary interest for the successful management of such a highly valuable fishery resource.