Structural softening,mesh dependence,and regularisation in non-associated plastic flow

A severe dependence of numerical simulations on the mesh density is usually attributed to the presence of strain softening in the constitutive relation. However, other material instabilities, like non-associated plastic flow, can also cause mesh sensitivity. Indeed, loss of ellipticity in quasi-static analyses is the fundamental cause of the observed mesh dependence. It has been known since long that non-associated plastic flow can cause loss of ellipticity, but the consequence for mesh sensitivity, and subsequently, for the difficulty of the equilibrium-finding iterative procedure to converge have remained largely unnoticed. We first demonstrate at the hand of a biaxial test structural softening and a marked mesh dependence for an ideally plastic material equipped with a non-associated flow rule. The phenomena are then analysed in depth using an infinitely long shear layer. Finally, it is shown that the mesh effect disappears when the standard continuum model is replaced by a Cosserat continuum, a well-known regularisation method for strain-softening constitutive relations.     

A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS ON TYPHOON ASYMMETRIC STRUCTURE AND MOTION

Five prediction experiments are carried out with two typhoons in 1992 using a limitedarca primitiveequations and two-way interactive model in a movable,nested mesh. The result indicates good agreementin terms of motion between the prediction and observation. Studying the asymmetric structure in the cases selected, a close link is uncovered between the temporal evolutions of the structure and the track of motion in a tropical cyclone. Understanding of real asymmetric structure will help to improve the skill offorecasting tropical cyclones.     

二十面体和经纬网格模式在正压情况下的模拟效果对比分析

利用MPAS(Model for Prediction Across Scales)和北京大学浅水模式(PKU_SWM)对余弦钟和Rossby-Haurwitz波理想个例进行了模拟。结果表明:在余弦钟测试中,MPAS能更好的模拟出余弦钟的基本形态,但模拟结果的绝对误差较大;网格分辨率提高后,MPAS模拟效果提升得更明显。在Rossby-Haurwitz波测试中,MPAS模拟的槽脊位置和强度更加接近于初始分布形态,PKU_SWM模拟的槽脊的强度偏强,位置偏西,MPAS模拟效果整体要优于PKU_SWM;网格分辨率提高后,两模式模拟效果都有较大的提升。     

A Novel VOF-Type Volume-Tracking Method for Free-Surface Flows Based on Unstructured Triangular Mesh

A novel VOF-type volume-tracking method for two-dimensional free-surface flows based on the unstructured triangular mesh is presented. Owing to the inherent merit of the unstructured triangular mesh in fitting curved boundaries, this method can handle the free-surface problems with complex geometries accurately and directly, without introducing any complicated boundary treatment or artificial diffusion. The method solves the volume transport equation geometrically through the Modified Lagrangian-Eulerian Re-map （MLER） method, which is applied to advective fluid volumes. Moreover, the PLIC method is adopted to give a second-order reconstructed interface approximation. To validate this method, two advection tests were performed for the establishment of the accuracy and convergence rate of the solutions. Numerical results for these complex tests provide convincing evidence for the excellent solution quality and fidelity of the method.     

床面冲淤计算机处理方法

冲淤计算是河流，河口，海岸等水域中分析，预测床面变化的基础，利用非结构网络自动剖分技术形成覆盖计算区域的三角网，能较好地适应边界和特殊地形，基于高程内插建立三角网数字高程模型，采用垂直三棱柱体作为基本单位计算不同时段冲淤量，从而提高计算精度，通过网络剖分，利用在计算区域内任意选择子域进行淤量的计算和分析。同时将生成的非结构网格直接有于二维床面冲淤数学模型，便于对每个节点的计算结果进行检证以提高模型的可靠性。     

人工皮在烧伤创面的应用

16例烧伤病人应用CHIMEHERB人工皮覆盖26个创面,其中浅Ⅱ°及部分深Ⅱ°创面11个,深Ⅲ°削痂创面10个,切削痂覆盖自体网状皮创面5个,与辐照猪皮对照观察,临床获得较好效果.认为在有效的清创及正确的创面处理下覆盖人工皮能减少创面渗出,有利创面愈合.作为一种新型的生物性敷料,无同种异体皮或异种皮移植时的排异现象,但其本身不具抗菌能力.     

Patterned ground formation and penetrative convection in porous media

Abstract

A theoretical explanation is advanced consisting of a five stage process for the formation of polygonal ground which consists of stone borders forming regular hexagons and soil centres. One of these stages, namely the onset of convection in a porous soil between temperatures of 0°C and approximately 4-6°C, is studied analytically. Darcy's law is employed but variable permeability is allowed for and a parabolic density dependence on temperature is assumed. It is found that the theoretical predictions of the aspect ratio agree very well with field studies when a constant upper surface heat flux condition is imposed and an upwardly stratified permeability is chosen. Field study data, which agree very well with the theory, are reported in detail.