球面退化四叉树格网的剖分及变形分析

为有效解决经纬度格网与四元三角网(QTM)在全球空间数据管理与操作中存在的不足,提出一种新的全球离散格网剖分方法——球面退化四叉树格网(DQG),给出该格网的剖分原理与编码规则,并对其进行几何变形计算与分析。结果表明:DQG既具有经纬度格网结构简单的特征,又具有QTM几何变形稳定等优点。     

Integration of spatial data in vector and raster formats in a geographic information system environment

This paper examines the common methods for converting spatial data sets between vector and raster formats and presents the results of extensive benchmark testing of these procedures. The tests performed are unique in this field since: (1) they used both synthetic and real test data sets; (2) they measured conversion quality, accuracy and efficiency, not just how fast the procedure operated; and (3) they were conducted in a generic geographic information system (GIS) environment without the aid of specialized computer hardware. The results show that the best overall techniques are the ones which take advantage of spatial relationships inherent in the data sets. These were the Scan Line algorithm for vector to raster conversions and the Boundary Linking algorithm for raster to vector conversions.     

基于GIS的二维非结构化剖分网格优化

非结构化网格剖分是数值模拟的关键技术之一,网格质量直接影响到计算的收敛性和精确度。在GIS辅助建立非结构化网格空间拓扑关系的基础上,针对GIS和实际研究问题给出Spring-Laplace方法——一种新的单元尺度函数定义,在GIS空间算法下利用该方法优化节点位置,并基于推进阵面算法的思想,结合空间邻近拓扑关系实现了三角剖分节点和网格的重新编号算法,方便了开边界条件的赋值,提高了计算效率。实例表明,该方法大大提高了网格生成质量,能适应FVCOM数值模型对非结构化网格剖分的要求,其收敛速度快,具有较高的运算效率。     

Poynting and polarization vectors based wavefield decomposition and their application on elastic reverse time migration in 2D transversely isotropic media

With the progress in computational power and seismic acquisition, elastic reverse time migration is becoming increasingly feasible and helpful in characterizing the physical properties of subsurface structures. To achieve high-resolution seismic imaging using elastic reverse time migration, it is necessary to separate the compressional (P-wave) and shear (S-wave) waves for both isotropic and anisotropic media. In elastic isotropic media, the conventional method for wave-mode separation is to use the divergence and curl operators. However, in anisotropic media, the polarization direction of P waves is not exactly parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Also, the polarization direction of S-waves is not totally perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. For this reason, the conventional divergence and curl operators show poor performance in anisotropic media. Moreover, conventional methods only perform well in the space domain of regular grids, and they are not suitable for elastic numerical simulation algorithms based on non-regular grids. Besides, these methods distort the original wavefield by taking spatial derivatives. In this case, a new anisotropic wave-mode separation scheme is developed using Poynting vectors. This scheme can be performed in the angle domain by constructing the relationship between group and polarization angles of different wave modes. Also, it is performed pointwise, independent of adjacent space points, suitable for parallel computing. Moreover, there is no need to correct the changes in phase and amplitude caused by the derivative operators. By using this scheme, the anisotropic elastic reverse time migration is more efficiently performed on the unstructured mesh. The effectiveness of our scheme is verified by several numerical examples.     

球面离散网格与球体离散网格的比较研究

测地线在球体剖分中扮演着十分重要的角色,它保证了球体剖分网格单元的形体简单性和空间关系的一致性.本文基于对欧式空间和流空间的数学认识,探讨了球体剖分的评价标准,提出了基于大圆弧QTM的球体八叉树剖分方法,并指出作为一种大尺度的集成三维空间数据模型,全球三维离散网格是地理信息科学的一个新的发展方向.     

尖峰北盆地含气流体运聚疏导组合特征及对水合物成藏的控制作用

南海北部陆坡尖峰北盆地发育良好的气源及含气流体运聚疏导条件,具备较好的天然气水合物成藏潜力。为深入揭示尖峰北盆地水合物的成藏地质特征,基于高精度三维多道地震、浅地层剖面、多波束资料,深入分析了研究区深、浅部含气流体运聚疏导通道的地质、地球物理特征及对水合物成藏的控制作用。详细刻画了研究区深、浅部主要含气流体疏导通道的形态特征、发育规模、分布特点及对含气流体运聚的控制作用;重点剖析了深、浅部含气流体疏导通道组合特征及与水合物分布的耦合关系,最后结合水合物成藏地质条件,探讨了研究区水合物的成藏模式及影响因素。研究结果表明：尖峰北盆地的含气流体疏导通道主要以断裂型为主,亮点反射、反射空白带、BSR、声空白、声浑浊等含气流体运聚及水合物赋存指示标志多出现在沟源断层、古隆起伴生断层、多边形断层的顶部及邻近区域。以T3反射界面为界,其下伏沟源断层、古隆起伴生断层与上覆多边形断层构成的深、浅部含气流体疏导通道在垂向上相连通,沟通了深部气源层与浅层水合物稳定域,形成了“沟源断层—多边形断层”与“古隆起伴生断层—多边形断层”两种含气流体运移与水合物成藏模式。多边形断层的存在一方面促进了含气流体向浅层发生“中继疏导”,控制水合物富集成藏;另一方面,在多边形断层密集发育段,强烈的流体充注会引起局部温压平衡破坏和水合物分解、渗漏,导致“断续型”BSR的产生。浅层气体的渗漏和扩散可以持续作用至海底并对海底形态进行改造,导致海底滑塌、断裂、麻坑、丘状体等一系列海底微地貌的形成。     

高陡岩石边坡软体护坡技术设计及施工实践

为了消除济南市燕翅山北侧采矿遗留的高陡岩石边坡的地质灾害隐患,恢复自然植被,通过施工砼基座、施工砼格构梁、砌筑软体生态袋和挂网喷播等多种技术方法进行了综合治理,消除了滑坡和崩塌等地质灾害隐患,整个坡面植被覆盖率超过99%,消除了视觉污染,恢复了当地生态环境,该工程成功的设计及施工实践对类似高陡岩石边坡有很好的指导和借鉴作用。     

利用极化角点指数进行数字曲线快速多边形近似

针对曲线结构特征,引入极化角点指数作为特征角点的候选依据,提出了一种与曲线起始点位置无关的基于角点检测的多边形近似算法。实验证明,此方法快速有效,结果稳定,噪声抑制效果较好。     

基于GP RMax的隧道衬砌检测数值模拟及应用

利用基于时间域有限差分法( FDTD)的GPRMax,针对常用的400、900、1500 MHz三种不同中心频率的天线,数值模拟了隧道衬砌不同钢筋网密度、不同钢筋直径及其下方的钢拱架、空气界面等目标体的探地雷达反射及干扰信号图像特征;在混凝土试件上开展实验研究,并运用克希霍夫积分偏移处理了数值模拟和实验数据,压制了钢筋的绕射波和多次波,提高了钢筋网下方弱反射信号的成像效果;通过对比分析数值模拟、实验测量和工程实测结果,为探地雷达在隧道衬砌检测中取得更好的探测效果提供了借鉴。