A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELASTIC NESTED-GRID MESO-(β-γ)SCALE ATMOSPHERIC MODEL——PARTI:MODEL DESCRIPTION

A three-dimensional elastic nonhydrostatic mesoscale(β-γ)model with nested-grid is presented.It uses a set of fullequations in terrain-following coordinates as its basic dynamic frame,which is solved with a time-splitting algorithmfor acoustic and gravity waves.The model physical parameterization includes a K-theory subgrid eddy mixing for cloudand free atmosphere,a bulk planetary boundary layer parameterization,and three types of sofisticated cloudmicrophysics schemes with double-parameters for hail-bearing clouds,warm clouds and snowing clouds respectively.The model is designed to be used flexibly for simulations of a variety of meso-and small-scale atmospheric processes,and can be improved as a regional and local operational NWP system in future.     

气候系统及模式中反馈机制研究 I.概念和方法

气候系统中存在着各种各样的气候反馈机制,而气候模式对这些反馈机制描述的差异,正是造成不同模式对同一直接辐射强迫（如二氧化碳加倍）的响应不同的主要原因。因此,只有正确描述气候系统中的各种反馈作用,气候模式才可能用来对未来的气候变化进行预测。为此,本文首先介绍了气候系统及模式反馈机制分析研究时所常用的一些概念,如气候敏感性参数、云辐射强迫等,随后概述了气候模式反馈机制比较分析时常用的各种方法,并指出了这些方法各自的优缺点。而详细的有关气候系统及模式中反馈作用及其机制的分析则在文章的第ＩＩ部分给出。     

Optimisation of underwater visual census and controlled angling methods for monitoring subtidal temperate reef fish communities

Standardised sampling protocols for monitoring fish stocks are essential to assess changes in stock status and provide a means to evaluate the effectiveness of fisheries management measures, such as marine protected areas (MPAs). This study aimed to optimise two standard sampling methods, namely underwater visual census (UVC) and controlled angling, for assessing subtidal reef fish communities. In terms of efficiency, variability and bias, UVC transects were found to be superior to point counts. For controlled angling, an effort of two angler-hours per fishing station provided low catch variability, high catch per unit effort and a representative catch. Whereas UVC provided less variable estimates of relative density, controlled angling provided greater sampling efficiency. It is thus recommended that the two methods be used in conjunction. The optimal sampling protocols identified are suitable for rapid assessments or long-term monitoring of subtidal, temperate reef fish communities.     

堆载条件下单桩负摩阻力模型试验研究

通过对粉土中混凝土单桩竖向静载荷的模型试验,分析了在桩周土堆载条件下,端承桩、摩擦端承桩在桩周土含水率变化时,桩侧摩阻力、桩端阻力的变化规律及不同土层的沉降、“中性点”位置和下拽力的变化。研究发现,摩擦端承桩“中性点”位置随桩周土含水率、堆载等级的变化而变化,在最优含水率附近,土层的下陷量较大,致桩体沉降量也大,故“中性点”的位置会有所上升;随着桩周土堆载的增大,桩周土对桩侧的下拽力也增大,桩体进一步下陷,使桩土相对位移反而减少,“中性点”有所上升。     

基于间接平差的ICP点云配准算法研究

点云配准精度是决定三维重建模型的质量因素之一,目前,最常用是ICP点云配准算法,经典的ICP算法易局部收敛,影响点云配准精度。本文提出基于间接平差的ICP点云配准算法,设定目标点集中目标点坐标与转入目标点集中的点坐标之间的距离阈值实现点云精确配准。通过与经典ICP算法对比可知,本算法在一定程度上提高了点云配准精度和速度。     

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云计算在地震行业信息网络服务中的框架研究与设计

云计算是当前信息网络服务技术研究的重要领域。很多机构、企业开始关注云计算,并评估自身建设云计算平台的可能性。本文通过对云计算技术发展及应用产品的研究,讨论云计算在地震行业信息网络服务中的作用和定位。结合地震行业信息网络服务应用现状,提出中国地震台网中心数据中心私有云平台的简要设计设想,为地震行业建设自有云计算服务平台提供参考模型。     

安徽胡家碾地区井中地电异常现象探讨

以岩石电性特征差异为基础的电测井,在金属矿产、地下水资源勘探中,发挥着重要的作用。在视电阻率测井装置中,地井系统是较为常用装置形式。通过安徽省胡家碾地区地质背景和钻孔地层以及对井中电法测量资料的分析对比,探讨了井中地电异常产生的原因及与寻找地下水的关系,认为井中负视电阻率异常与井中正自然电位异常相对应时,通常是寻找地下水的有利地段。     

Carboxylic monoacids in the air of mayombe forest (Congo): Role of the forest as a source or sink

In the tropical rain forests of the Congo during the dry season, from June to September 1987, carboxylic acid partial pressures (P _gas) in the air above the canopy, at ground level, and at the boundary layer, were estimated from water samples such as fog and rainwater. The concentrations of these acids were also measured in the sap of tree leaves. Tree leaves act as a sink or as a source if the acid P _gas is greater of lower than the acid concentrations in molecular form in sap. For each of these soluble gases, there is a value of P _gas where the exchange is nul. This is called the compensation point. Values of the compensation point for some tree leaves were evaluated according to Henry's law. Henry's law coefficients at ppm levels were redetermined for formic (HCOOH), acetic (CH₃COOH), propionic (CH₃CH₂COOH), and isobutyric (CH₃CH(CH₃)COOH) acids.By comparison of P _gas and compensation points, it is concluded that the forest was a potential source for these acids. The soil-or the litter-acts as a significant source of a carboxylic acid of C₃ or C₄ atoms in the aliphatic chain. This carboxylic acid, not yet fully characterized, could play an important role in the rain acidity in forested zones of the equatorial areas.The direct emission of these carboxylic acids by vegetation was the main source in the boundary layer above the forest. The average emissions were 3.1×10⁹, 7.8×10⁹, and 8.4×10⁹ molecules cm^-2 s^-1 for HCOOH, CH₃COOH, and CH₃CH₂COOH, respectively. The savanna is an exogenous source of HCOOH and CH₃CH₂COOH during moderately rainy days for 30% of the time. The ozonolysis of isoprene seems to be a small source of HCOOH.