矢量GIS数据位置精度评价

论述了采用野外测量法评价矢量GIS数据位置精度的过程，为精确评价位置精度提出了相应的质量控制措施，讨论了必要的检测点数目、检测点选择等，并对该方法的适用范围作了说明。     

高层建筑中轴线点恢复测量

高层建筑物中点恢复的测量方法是在负一层测定该建筑物的中点,再引到四层楼顶,最后重新确定施工放样数据,保证该建筑物的设计要求和施工监测。     

Evaluation of vertical accuracy of open source Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a quantitative representation of terrain and is important for Earth science and hydrological applications. DEM can be generated using photogrammetry, interferometry, ground and laser surveying and other techniques. Some of the DEMs such as ASTER, SRTM, and GTOPO 30 are freely available open source products. Each DEM contains intrinsic errors due to primary data acquisition technology and processing methodology in relation with a particular terrain and land cover type. The accuracy of these datasets is often unknown and is non-uniform within each dataset. In this study we evaluate open source DEMs (ASTER and SRTM) and their derived attributes using high postings Cartosat DEM and Survey of India (SOI) height information. It was found that representation of terrain characteristics is affected in the coarse postings DEM. The overall vertical accuracy shows RMS error of 12.62 m and 17.76 m for ASTER and SRTM DEM respectively, when compared with Cartosat DEM. The slope and drainage network delineation are also violated. The terrain morphology strongly influences the DEM accuracy. These results can be highly useful for researchers using such products in various modeling exercises.     

云服务平台下的地理信息系统技术研究

云计算与云服务经过几十年的探索与发展,已逐渐进入实际应用阶段。本项目从云服务如何服务于地理信息系统的角度进行研究。本文介绍了项目的整体设计与内容,及当前云服务的发展现状,概述了Open Layers API所具有的几个优势和开源地理信息系统的建设过程。本文重点说明了在云服务平台上部署地理信息系统的工作流程和需要注意的几个问题。     

面向航空倾斜影像空三转点的特征提取算子比较

首先对4种常见的尺度和旋转不变特征算子：SIFT,SURF,MSER,ORB进行简单的介绍。为定量比较各种特征算子在航空影像自动转点中的性能,本文提出了3种与倾斜影像相关的指标,并结合常用的4种指标组成本文的7个定量评价指标。在此基础上,采用一组倾斜影像数据进行了试验,结果表明,SURF/SIFT算子在航空倾斜影像空三转点中具有相对较好的性能,MSER次之,而ORB的效果较差。     

机载Lidar技术在高速公路勘测中的应用

机载Lidar系统主要由激光发射系统、POS系统、CCD相机、计算机及存储设备等组成,能够快速获取高精度的地面点三维坐标信息以及影像数据,利用Terrasolid软件能够生产DEM、DOM及DLG产品。本文结合文莱高速公路项目详细阐述了机载Lidar系统在高速公路勘测中的应用。     

Tetrolet域利用时空相关性的云图压缩感知重建

针对卫星云图数据量大,但传输通道和存储空间相对狭小的问题,本文基于Tetrolet变换,利用相邻时次云图的时空相关性,实现了一种高重构质量的卫星云图压缩感知方法。该方法将善于表达图像方向纹理及边缘信息的Tetrolet变换引入压缩感知的稀疏表示环节,从而很好地体现了卫星云图细节丰富、纹理结构复杂的特性;同时,考虑到卫星云图序列间的相关性,将时间相邻的卫星云图组成图像组,以中间时刻云图作为参考图像,计算其与相邻时次云图的差异,通过在参考图片及序列差异图片间合理分配采样率,获取测量数据,在压缩感知框架下,采用带平滑处理的投影Landweber算法,重构出相邻时次的图像组。实验结果表明,Tetrolet变换适用于卫星云图的稀疏表示,而且图像组时空相关性的利用可显著提高重构云图的视觉效果及客观评价指标;在采样率低于0.2时,红外1、水汽和可见光3个通道重构云图的峰值信噪比(PSNR)较传统方法平均提高了7.48 dB,13.51 dB和6.15 dB。由此可见,本文方法可以通过获取少数随机测量值,重构出高质量的卫星云图,不仅为云图数据的低比特率压缩提供了一种可行的解决方案,而且对于其他序列图像的压缩采样具有借鉴意义。     

GPS技术改造大坝水平位移监测的研究

讨论了在大坝水平位移监测中,采用GPS技术取代传统测量仪器的方法,通过两种测量精度的比较,表明GPS的测量方法完全可以取代常规测量的方法。     

观测时间对基线解算质量和GPS网精度的影响分析

在不同的观测时段,卫星的几何分布情况及其运动轨迹并不一样,这直接导致各时段内所获得的基线解算质量和GPS定位精度也有区别。采用LGO软件进行基线向量解算和网平差,并通过复测基线长度较差、异步环闭合差、点位中误差、GPS基线向量残差4项指标来比较不同观测时间长度下的基线解算质量和定位精度。结果表明,观测时间在1h左右就可以获得较高的精度。在选择较好的观测时段后,在满足测量精度的前提下,适当缩短观测时间是可行的．这对于在工程测量中提高工作效率具有一定的指导意义。     

Mapping burns and natural reforestation using thematic Mapper data

Remote sensing techniques are specially suitable to detect and to map areas affected by forest fires. In this work, Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data has been used to study a number of forest fires that occurred in the province of Valencia (Spain) and to monitor the vegetation regeneration over burnt areas.

A reference area (non‐burnt forest) was established to assess the change produced by fire. The radiance in the thermal band (10.4–12.5 μm) and the normalized difference in reflectance between near 1R (0.76–0.90 μm) and middle IR (2.08–2.35 μm) were the most suitable parameters to map burnt areas. This index can also be used for monitoring vegetation regeneration in burnt areas. About a month after the fire, the burns show temperatures of 5–6 °C higher than those found in the reference area, and the vegetation index shows negative values whereas the reference area values remain positive. The differences between the burns and the reference area for the vegetation index decrease with time as vegetation regenerates.