基于GIS的山区年均温分布模拟与制图

针对某些下垫面复杂而气象站(哨)有限的山区,用地理信息系统(GIS)和气温推算数学模型相结合,来获取全域的年均温分布栅格图和等值线矢量图。以龙游县为例,说明了该方法从数学模型、因素图输入、图层格式转换、图幅叠置分析等一系列技术步骤。     

机载扫描激光地面测绘系统分析

本文根据机载扫描激光地面测绘系统的功能和要求，分析了它的工作原理，概括出该系统中扫描激光测距的特点，介绍了一种最新的机载扫描激光地面测绘系统，最后提出了几个需要继续研究的问题     

国家基本比例尺数字化地形图生产过程中地貌常见问题探讨

本文以1：10000单色数字化地形图为例，简述了国家基本比例尺数字化地形图生产过程中常见的与地貌相关质量问题。对部分产生质量问题的原因作了初步分析。以SCS多用途数字地形地籍测绘与管理系统软件和CASS5．1软件为例，对数字化地形图存在问题的修改方法进行了探讨。     

预警地震在地震预测中的意义

对新疆1970-2002年地震资料以不同范围、不同震级进行全时空扫描。结果表明，新疆台网监测能力较好地区绝大多数6级以上地震前地震活动关联图较为清晰。提出了预警地震的概念，认为预警地震在短临预报方面有一定的作用。     

Tortoises and hares: dissolution,erosion and isostasy in landscape evolution

Denudation mechanisms differ fundamentally between limestone and silicate rock types, which are subject to very different rate thresholds and enhancers/inhibitors. Silicates are removed largely by erosion, the mechanical entrainment and transport of particles. This is a relatively high energy, and highly episodic, process which occurs only when a minimum threshold ?ow velocity is exceeded; it is inhibited by vegetation cover and favoured by strongly seasonal runoff. Limestone is removed largely by chemical dissolution at a rate directly proportional to runoff. Dissolution is a relatively low energy process that can occur at any ?ow velocity or in static water; in general it is enhanced by vegetation cover and non‐seasonality of runoff. These contrasting factors in the denudation of silicates versus limestone can produce strikingly uneven rates of surface lowering across a landscape, sometimes akin to the well known ‘tortoise and hare race’, where the slow and steady denudation of limestones may in the long term exceed the sometimes rapid, but often localized and episodic, erosion of silicates. Prolonged exposure of limestone to a humid temperate climate in a tectonically stable environment produces low‐relief corrosion plains in which limestone uplands are anomalous and, in most instances, due to recent unroo?ng from beneath a siliciclastic cover. In a highly seasonal or semi‐arid climate almost the exact inverse may develop, with ‘?ashy’ runoff and sparse vegetation favouring erosion rather than dissolution. Even under a constant humid climate progressive unroo?ng of a thick limestone unit within folded siliciclastics may lead to a topographic inversion over time, with the limestone outcrop always forming a topographic low ?anked by siliciclastic uplands. Valleys will be initiated on anticlinal crests, where the limestone is ?rst unroofed, but progressive lowering of the limestone causes these valleys to migrate to their ?nal position in the synclinal troughs. In humid climates isostatic compensation in response to slow, but continuous, denudation of extensive limestone outcrops may be a signi?cant factor in the development of relief on adjacent, more slowly eroding, silicate outcrops. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

航空物探平剖图自动绘制的可视化处理

简要介绍了航空物探平面剖面图的自动绘制方法,给出了绘制中对一些问题的处理方法;重点介绍了彩色渐变填充着色、彩色渐变渲染着色等几种可视化处理方法,并提出了着色中渐变度、透明度概念及应用方法。     

Exploration Indices and Mineral Potential Map of the Kuroko Deposits in Northeast Japan

Abstract. Recent discoveries of seafloor hydrothermal mineralization in submarine volcanic centers of felsic magma in western Pacific island arcs are regarded as modern analogues of Kuroko type deposits. Studies of these deposits and their surrounding geology raised question whether the exploration activity for the Kuroko deposits on land which peaked in the 1960's was adequate or not. However, such an evaluation is not easy because the exploration data are about to be lost as a result of the closure of all the Kuroko mines in the area since 1994.
The Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MMAJ), therefore, decided to compile existing data on about 180 Kuroko deposits and related mineral occurrences in northeast Japan as a new Kuroko database.
This study extends a concept called "exploration indices" which was developed based on a case study of the thoroughly surveyed Hokuroku district to draw a potential map of the Kuroko occurrences for the entire northeast Japan quantitatively with a Geographical Information System (GIS). Effective exploration indices include: 1) distribution of dacitic-rhy-olitic submarine volcanic rocks of the Nishikurosawa and Onnagawa stages, 2) distribution of intrusive rocks of pre- and post-Kuroko horizon, 3) low aeromagnetic anomaly caused by hydrothermal alteration of magnetite, 4) low gravity anomaly which suggests depressions in the basement rocks such as a tectonic basin and/or caldera, and 5) nearby existence of vein type deposits. It is concluded that about 33 % of known Kuroko deposits fall within the high potential zone (score=4 and 5) that occupies only 4 % of the entire northeast Japan arc. The Kuroko potential map is, therefore, useful for limiting the target area for Kuroko type deposits in an island arc setting.     

An attenuation relationship based on Turkish strong motion data and iso-acceleration map of Turkey

This paper presents an attenuation relationship of peak ground acceleration (PGA) derived from Turkish strong motion data for rock, soil and soft soil sites and an iso-acceleration map of Turkey based on this relationship. For the purpose, among all the three-component accessible records, 221 records from 122 earthquakes that occurred in Turkey between 1976 and November 2003 were selected. The database was compiled for earthquakes with moment magnitudes (M_w) and PGA values ranging between 4.1 and 7.5, and 20 and 806 gal, and distances to epicenter considered in the database were between 5 and 100 km. From the regression analysis of the data, an attenuation equation of PGA considering rock, soil and soft soil conditions was developed. The PGA values predicted from the equation suggested in this study and those both from a few domestic equations and some imported equations were compared. In addition, an iso-acceleration map of Turkey was constructed using the suggested attenuation equation and considering both known active faults and epicenter locations of the earthquakes that have occurred in Turkey.     

常州市数字化测绘工程及GIS建库概述

数字化地形图和地籍图是城市规划、建设和管理及国土资源管理的重要基础资料．也是开展数字城市和信息化建设的最基础平台。通过对系统总体结构的设计和应用成果介绍，分析了目前基础地理数据生产、管理和应用的现状，介绍了基于GIS的常州市数字化地形图、地籍图测绘工程总体目标及基础地理信息系统总体设计．并概述了整个数字化测绘工程的实施过程和特点。     

近20年华北地电阻率异常空间演化及强震短期前兆判别标志研究

开展了华北地电阻率异常参数提取的研究，以1980—2001年的异常参数为输入进行了全时空扫描，并对其动态图像演化做全面分析，由此提取出华北地区5级以上地震的地电阻率短期前兆的判别标志。为了进行初步检验，本文依上述判别标志对华北近年地电阻率动态图像做了对比分析。