我国海岸潟湖卫星遥感分类方法研究

参照Landsat-5TM和HJ-1CCD遥感影像,依据实地踏勘资料及解译经验,分析各种海岸潟湖地貌学成因和发育演变阶段,提出基于潟湖地貌学成因的遥感分类方法。并将我国海岸潟湖划分为滨外坝型、沙坝型、沙嘴型、湾顶坝型、连岛坝型和河口型共6种地貌类型。建立基于发育演变阶段的潟湖遥感分类标准,将海岸潟湖分为青壮年期、老年期和死亡期共3个发育演变过程;结合潟湖在影像中的特征,以近红外、红、绿波段组合后的假彩色影像为例,从色彩、纹理、地物邻接关系等方面建立不同潟湖类型的遥感解译标志;根据所建立的遥感解译标志,对山东省53个海岸潟湖进行遥感分类验证,结果吻合。     

辽西凸起中生界火成岩潜山裂缝型储层随钻解释评价

辽西凸起南端X构造中生界为裂缝型火成岩潜山,裂缝发育极不均匀,同时,中生界油气藏地质响应特征与上部常规储层油气藏特征明显不同;钻井作业过程中出现的复杂工程因素对综合录井资料质量造成极大影响,这加大了录井综合解释以及储层有效性识别评价难度。通过对录井资料质量甄别筛选,优选出真实反映地层流体的指示参数,并结合录井工程参数建立了潜山储层录井评价标准,对储层流体进行准确解释评价。对比取样及测试结果发现,本构造的录井综合解释标准及解释方法极大提高了中生界火成岩储层流体解释评价的符合率;为围区火成岩储层流体解释评价及复杂井况下的录井油气层综合解释提供全新的解释思路,指导了X构造高产轻质油田的发现,实现了辽西凸起X构造油气勘探的突破,对渤海湾勘探具有重要指导意义。     

The influence of light availability and predatory behavior of the decapod crustacean Nephrops norvegicus on the activity rhythms of continental margin prey decapods

The day–night cycle is one of the strongest geophysical cycles modulating species' behavioral rhythms. However, in deep-water continental margins, where light intensity decreases over depth, interspecific competition may alter behavioral responses to day–night cycles. The burrowing decapod crustacean Nephrops norvegicus is a large-size predator in benthic communities, exerting despotic territorial behavior. In this study, we analysed how the effect of light intensity cycles on decapod behavioral rhythms is reduced as one moves from shelves to slopes. In the Western Mediterranean, the predatory behavior and interspecific competition for substrate use of Nephrops increases moving from the shelf (100–110 m) to the slope (400–430 m). Vector fitting and generalized additive models were used to assess the effect of light intensity and behavioral rhythms of N. norvegicus on the temporal variation of prey decapods co-occurring in trawl tow catches carried out on the shelf and the slope during October 1999 and June 2000. The combination of diel variations in light intensity and N. norvegicus abundance influences the activity rhythms of prey decapods in a depth- and seasonal-dependent manner. Light modulation is stronger on the shelf and weaker on the slope, where Nephrops population size is greater. Although present regression analysis does not necessarily imply a direct cause–effect relationship between rhythms of predators and prey, we suggest that Nephrops alters the temporal patterning in the behavior of its prey on the slope, where light intensity is reduced. This alteration is stronger in endobenthic species than in benthopelagic species; the former rely on bottom substrate for the expression of behavioral rhythms, experiencing stronger interspecific competitions with Nephrops at time of activity.     

港珠澳大桥水下结构物的多手段探测

介绍了利用侧扫声纳、浅地层剖面仪和磁力仪开展港珠澳大桥水下结构物的探测方法和过程,并将探测的结果与调查收集的资料比较,分析水下结构物的分布情况,不同探测方法得出的结果也可以相互印证。     

山东半岛北岸现代海滩层理及动态解释

海滩层理由冲、回流塑造的向海倾前滨楔状交错层理和冲越流形成的向陆倾后滨斜层理组成,二者构成假背斜构造。近年在烟台—莱州岸段海滩上开挖了10个垂岸探槽,揭示出这里海滩以向陆倾后滨层理为主,并且被暴风浪侵蚀面所斜切,该面向海的前滨层理只留下几十厘米的薄层,说明近几十年海岸持续遭受侵蚀,海滩的前滨层理被多次暴风浪切割掉;按暴风浪期后滨层理层系特征分析,海岸蚀退率为1~1.5 m/a,与其他方法得到的结论相仿。个别探槽亦见前滨层理为主,反映出局部淤岸环境。由此说明,海滩层理的组构特征可以标志海岸的淤、蚀动态。     

Overview of the subsurface structural pattern of the Paris Basin (France): Insights from the reprocessing and interpretation of regional seismic lines

The study presents the methodology used by the French Geological Survey (BRGM) for the building, reprocessing and interpretation of selected regional seismic lines in the Paris intracratonic basin (France): the 14 constructed E-W and N-S regional transects represent a total of 2,516 km length, and are based on the merge of 240 seismic single profiles recorded by petroleum operators between 1971 and 1995. The regional lines have been selected to cross the main oil fields of the Paris Basin, as well as high potential areas for oil exploration. A first difficulty was to recover the raw data necessary to build-up the regional transects. The signal reprocessing, harmonization and merge of the single seismic lines, constituent of the regional transects, are then described; these operations represent the cornerstone of the study. We put the emphasis on the primary static corrections, as the targeted structures are commonly spatially associated with large seismic velocity variations in the upper Cretaceous chalk and Tertiary sedimentary cover.The interpreted regional transects definitely give complementary information to the existing studies, which generally lack seismic (and therefore structural) data: we give an overview of the main structural and geometrical features of the Paris Basin: inversion structures, major unconformities, as well as Permo-Carboniferous basins. We also describe the structural pattern, and show the close relationships between the faults geometry, the faults density, and the geological evolution of the Paris Basin: we distinguish (1) few large-scale polyphase faults, with a Variscan origin, representing the first order structural frame of the Paris Basin; (2) monophase normal faults, with strike-slip features, representing the subsurface prolongation of Cenozoic grabens cropping out in the neighbourhood; (3) deep normal faults, sealed by the base Calcareous Dogger sequence, related to the Permo-Liassic extensional tectonic regime. This large-scale view of the Paris Basin has highlighted several potential exploration targets.     

基于遥感解译的西吉县黄土地震滑坡分布特征研究

1920年海原8.5级大地震在位于Ⅸ、Ⅹ度区的西吉县境内诱发了大量的群发性黄土地震滑坡,造成了惨重的人员伤亡和严重的生态破坏。本文在野外调查的基础上,运用Google Earth影像解译手段对研究区内的314处滑坡进行总结研究。总结了研究区地震滑坡的分布特征,并对滑坡形成的主要影响因素进行分析。根据本文的研究成果,对宁南山区的工程选址、建设开挖及防灾减灾工作提出几点参考建议。     

四川什邡北部山区遥感调查次生地质灾害现状及防治建议

四川汶川发生8．0级强震后,在震中附近山区引发了大量的岩石崩滑、山体滑坡、堰塞湖等次生地质灾害,国土资源部中国地质调查局组织四川、湖北、湖南、陕西、安徽和中国地大的有关专家利用卫星遥感资料,迅速调查次生地质灾害情况,每天上报,供国务院等有关部门决策。本文选择重灾区之一的有代表性的什祁北部山区加以介绍,分析了特殊构造部位与次生地质灾害发生的关系,建立了次生地质灾害遥感解译标志,总结了该区次生地质灾害的主要类型,评价了该区的灾情现状,并提出了合理的防治建议,供同行们切磋。     

基于无人机遥感的矿山地质灾害解译

矿山地质环境调查是为了查明在矿产资源开采过程中遇到或者诱发的地质环境问题并对其作出评价和预测。传统的人工地质环境调查方法正面临时效性和安全性的挑战,无人机遥感正是取代人工地质环境调查的手段之一。基于2016年10月在北京市门头沟区的一次无人机飞行获取的数据,使用Pix4Dmapper等软件生成正射影像、数字高程模型以及三维模型,然后对该区进行遥感地质解译,建立滑坡、地面塌陷、不稳定斜坡、地裂缝、煤矸石堆、其他渣堆的解译标志,形成了一套适用于矿山的无人机遥感的地质灾害解译方法流程,通过实地验证,证明无人机遥感地质灾害解译效果良好,适合在矿山地质灾害监测方面推广应用。     

辽宁省综合地球物理解释断裂构造的方法和依据

通过研究辽宁省布格重力异常Δg及其位场转换场、航磁ΔT异常及其位场转换场、地震波场、大地电磁场,结合地貌以及钻探等资料,综合解释出了区内断裂构造.展示出了辽宁省断裂构造平面分布特征.配合地球物理解释剖面,可以了解区内主要断裂构造的垂向发育特征.分析认为郯庐断裂带为左行走滑断层带,划分出了表壳断裂、中-下地壳断裂、超岩石圈断裂.