Factors controlling the morphology and volume (V)–length (L) relations of permanent gullies in the northern Ethiopian Highlands

Small‐scale aerial photographs and high‐resolution satellite images, available for Ethiopia since the second half of the twentieth century as for most countries, allow only the length of gullies to be determined. Understanding the development of gully volumes therefore requires that empirical relations between gully volume (V) and length (L) are established in the field. So far, such V–L relations have been proposed for a limited number of gullies/environments and were especially developed for ephemeral gullies. In this study, V–L relations were established for permanent gullies in northern Ethiopia, having a total length of 152 km. In order to take the regional variability in environmental characteristics into account, factors that control gully cross‐sectional morphology were studied from 811 cross‐sections. This indicated that the lithology and the presence of check dams or low‐active channels were the most important controls of gully cross‐sectional shape and size. Cross‐sectional size could be fairly well predicted by their drainage area. The V–L relation for the complete dataset was V = 0 · 562 L ^1·381 (n = 33, r² = 0 · 94, with 34 · 9% of the network having check dams and/or being low‐active). Producing such relations for the different lithologies and percentages of the gully network having check dams and/or being low‐active allows historical gully development from historical remote sensing data to be assessed. In addition, gully volume was also related to its catchments area (A) and catchment slope gradient (S_c). This study demonstrates that V–L and V–A × S_c relations can be very suitable for planners to assess gully volume, but that the establishment of such relations is necessarily region‐specific. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于改进PSInSAR技术的非城区地表形变监测

为解决经典PSInSAR技术在非城区因受永久散射体空间分布不足而导致地形形变监测误差较大的问题,提出基于分时散射体(partial time scatterer,PTS)提取的改进算法。首先基于改进的经验模态分解对影像进行边缘保持平滑滤波降噪,然后采用可信概率估计对PTS目标进行联合提取,最后通过参数差分估计分离PTS相位和计算形变速率,从而得到监测区的地表形变。实验结果表明,提取的PTS目标基本可保持传统PS点的空间分布特性和时序变化趋势,提高非城区目标点的空间分布密度,本文算法具有有效性。     

抗拔（浮）桩的发展历程和研究方向

综述了由最初的普通钢筋混凝土抗拔（浮）桩发展到预应力抗拔（浮）桩的历程；总结了对于抗拔桩性能研究的3种方法：现场试验、模型试验和理论分析法。在此基础上为了降低成本，方便施工，环保高效，提出了一种新型的预应力抗拔（浮）桩，即部分粘接预应力抗拔（浮）桩，这将是预应力抗拔（浮）桩一个有意义的发展方向。     

基于ROC曲线的永久散射体识别最佳阈值定量筛选

永久散射体识别是用PS-InSAR方法获取地面沉降数据的关键环节之一,其最佳阈值的设定直接影响PS点的精度和密度。本文基于大数据统计的分析方法——ROC曲线法定量分析和确定PS点识别的最佳阈值。选择3种典型的PS识别方法,绘制每种方法在不同阈值条件下的ROC曲线图,当ROC曲线下面积越大,方法越优。依据最佳阈值位于ROC曲线左上部位的特征,采用敏感度与特异度之和（Se+Sp）最大的方法可定量判定出最佳阈值的取值。在最佳阈值条件下,识别的PS点具有正选率足够高、误选率足够小,PS点的密度足够大的特性。为进一步验证该方法的可行性,本文以北京龙潭公园地区为PS识别的实验区,用振幅离差指数法、相关系数法,以及两种阈值相结合的双阈值法3种方法进行实验识别PS点,并根据ROC曲线判得3种方法的最佳阈值。研究结果发现：（1）振幅离差T_D识别PS点的最佳阈值为0.45;相干系数Tγ识别PS点的最佳阈值为0.45;振幅离差T_D、相干系数Tγ双重阈值识别PS点的最佳阈值（T_D,Tγ）为（0.50,0.50）。（2）用振幅离差T_D和相干系数Tγ双阈值法识别PS点,得到的ROC曲线下面积AUC=0.762,高于单阈值法,表明双重阈值法识别PS点优于单一阈值的PS点识别方法。研究表明ROC曲线可定量化确定PS点的最佳阈值,而且该方法可进一步推广于GIS空间分析、遥感解译过程中阈值的定量化筛选。     

PS InSAR公共主影像优化选取的一种新方法

在原有的公共主影像优化选取模型的基础上,对影响干涉图相关性的3个主要参数进一步综合优化,提出并实现了一种基于三基线和最小的公共主影像优化选取新方法。理论分析和实验结果表明,与原有方法相比,新的公共主影像优化选取方法简单、可行,选取的公共主影像合理、准确。     

徐州城市地质调查在城市“三线”划定中的应用

随着人口和经济活动的进一步聚集,生产、生活、生态空间的矛盾日益突出,"三线"(即永久基本农田保护红线、生态保护红线、城市开发边界线)的划定在我国经济结构实现转型发展关键期,对优化城乡空间结构、确保国家粮食安全、严守生态底线等至关重要。以徐州城市地质调查成果为基础,基于地质条件对城市发展的制约和影响,提出城市"三线"的调整建议,不仅可为构筑生产空间集约、生活空间宜居、生态空间优美的城市空间格局提供地质依据,亦可为城市地质调查工作提供工作转型和战略调整方向。     

考虑动态临界加速度的地震边坡永久位移预测模型研究

在区域边坡地震危险性评价中主要采用永久位移预测模型进行地震边坡永久位移计算.永久位移预测模型以Newmark滑块理论为基础,通过大量实测地震时程记录统计拟合得出.针对Newmark理论中滑动面抗剪强度参数保持不变和已有位移预测模型的计算位移小于实测位移的问题,利用动态临界加速度理论,分别构建含有峰值加速度和阿里亚斯强度...