加卸载响应比在Poisson模型下的随机分布

本文在地震的发生时间服从Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ过程,而地震震级服从Ｇｕｔｅｎｂｅｒｇ－Ｒｉｃｈｔｅｒ关系的前提下,对不同定义的加卸载响应比Ｙ值的随机分布进行了探讨。结果表明：当在计算窗口的地震发生的期望数目较大（〉４０）时,Ｙ１￣Ｙ５值的分布基本稳定,出现高加卸载响应比的概率极低。然而当计算窗口的地震期望数目过小时,Ｙ２￣Ｙ５值则变得不太稳定。也就是说,服从Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ过程的地震序列,在计算窗口的地震期     

地球圈层耦合扭转机制及其成因

全球扭转构造体系不仅是球面现象,而且波及整个地球.本文着重指出地球圈层耦合扭转的机制,揭示该机制对于板块构造的控制规律.赤道面与银道面的交角达62°36′,当银心从北天球移动到南天球时,在公转离心力的驱动下,塑性地幔将向南半球运移而大陆板块则向北半球漂移,从而导致南、北半球的非对称性和两半球的相对扭转.地球的大陆漂移的节律与银河系涡旋周期一致,太阳系内旋转状态相同的行(卫)星与地球同步扭转.     

Toward a sustainable estuary in north carolina's albemarle and pamlico sounds: Some implications for the Baltic Sea

A major task in developing a management strategy for the Baltic Sea will be the establishment of a program that adheres to the philosophy of sustainable use and is capable of implementation. For many nations this has proven to be a very difficult task marked with successes and failures. This paper discusses North Carolina's attempts to move toward sustainability in its Albemarle and Pamlico estuaries. The paper concludes with some lessons learned that could be helpful to the Baltic region as it strives for sustainability.     

Effect of fault bend on the rupture propagation process of stick-slip

An experimental study of stick-slip is performed to examine the effect of a fault bend on the dynamic rupture propagation process. A granite sample used in the experiment has a pre-cut fault that is artificially bent by an angle of 5.6° at the center of the fault along strike, and accordingly the fault consists of two fault segments. The rupture propagation process during stick-slip instability is investigated by analyzing the records of shear strain and relative displacement measured with strain gauge sensors together with the hypocenters of AE (acoustic emission) events detected with piezoelectric transducers. The observed rupture propagation process of typical stick-slip events is as follows. (1) The dynamic rupture started on a fault segment is stopped near the fault bend. (2) The rupture propagation is restarted near the bend on the other fault segment 10.8 ms to 3.5 s after the stop of the first rupture. The delay time of the second rupture decreases with an increase in the slip amount of the first rupture or a decrease in the normal stress acting on the fault segment where the second rupture started. (3) The restarted rupture is not arrested by the presence of a fault bend, and slip occurs over the entire fault. We theoretically analyze the stress concentration near the fault bend to find that the normal stress produced by the preceding slip near the fault bend plays an important part in controlling the rupture propagation. A numerical simulation based on a rate- and state-dependent friction law is performed to interpret physically the retarded rupture in the experiment. The observed time interval of 10.8 ms to 3.5 s between the first rupture and the second is explained by the numerical simulation, suggesting that the rate- and state-dependence of rock friction is a possible mechanism for the retarded rupture on the fault.     

Dispersion Statistics and Sample Size Estimates for Three Fish Species (Symphodus ocellatus,Serranus scriba and Diplodus annularis) in the Lavezzi Islands Marine Reserve (South Corsica,Mediterranean Sea)

For the correct management of the future International Marine Park of Bonifacio, a sampling strategy must be adopted to follow the population fluctuations of certain species of fish. This sampling will be carried out by SCUBA visual census using the fixed point method. The information to be gleaned using this method will include estimates of biomass. These data will subsequently be used to perform both spatial comparisons between sites and temporal comparisons over periods of several years. In order to reveal the existence of statistically significant differences, the sampling strategy adopted must allow accurate means to be obtained which possess relatively low coefficients of variability. The calculation of this optimum sampling depends on the spatial distribution of the species examined. The Taylor law (s² = a ×x ^b), which represents a much utilized mean-variance relationship, will be used to compare the aggregation of three species of fish (Symphodus ocellatus,Serranus scriba and Diplodus annularis) on two different substrate types (Posidonia oceanica meadows and rocks) and for four sites in the Lavezzi Islands. The goodness of fit of this law to the biomass data will allow an optimum sampling strategy to be determined for each species with coefficients of variability of 10 and 25%.     

中国与海洋邻国间海域划界问题的研究

根据我国的领海制度,中国专属经济区与大陆架法以及联合国海洋法公约的有关内容,研究划分我国与海洋邻国之间的海域管辖范围,从而维护我国的海洋权益。     

新疆红外与紫外辐射的时空分布规律

确定了新疆红外光与紫外光在太阳总辐射中所占的比例 ,对各地红外与紫外辐射能量进行了计算 ,分析了它的时空分布规律、沙漠腹地变化及其随海拔高度的变化 ,阐述了这种分布对农牧业生产的影响。     

The European system of capital cities

Capital cities reflect the nature and organization of the states they control. Their functional role is higher in centralized systems, societies where the state is the source of all legitimacy, and countries using Continental Law. It is lower in federal systems, pillarized societies and countries, which are ruled according to a Common Law. The symbolic status of capital cities is higher when the state is the source of all legitimacy, lower in consociationalist societies. Theses processes were responsible for the development of two types of political capital cities and one type of economic and cultural capital cities during the nineteenth century. A partial standardization of the functions and statuses of capital cities occurred later. The European Union is neither a state nor a super-state since its main responsibilities are still in the economic field, it lacks a huge administrative bureaucracy and does not have definitive territorial limits. The European Union has officially three capital cities, Strasbourg, Luxembourg and Brussels. The really important one is Brussels. Its functions are nevertheless quite different from those of national capital cities during the first half of the twentieth century. European capital cities are thriving because most of them managed to become economic metropolises. The result is that the European Union has a complex and rapidly evolving system of capital cities.     

考虑气象条件的兰彻斯特战斗模型

本文在关于近代战争的兰彻斯特方程的基础上,将气象条件看作双方军事对抗中的“第三方”并把其作为一个可量化的因素加入到该方程中,建立了考虑气象条件和壮彻期特方程。在气象影响系数取常数的情况下,应用常微分方程和定性理论和坐标变换的技巧,得到“气象倾斜”意义下的平方律。本文还在气象影响系数取变系数的情况下对两种情况进行了数值计算并做了讨论。     

Spectral parameters of ground motion in different regions: comparison of empirical models

Fourier-amplitude spectrum is one of the most important parameters describing earthquake ground motion, and it is widely used for strong ground motion prediction and seismic hazard estimation. The relationships between Fourier-acceleration spectra, earthquake magnitude and distance were analysed for different seismic regions (the Caucasus and Taiwan island) on the basis of ground motion recordings of small to moderate (3.5≤M_L≤6.5) earthquakes. It has been found that the acceleration spectra of the most significant part of the records, starting from S-wave arrival, can be modelled accurately by the Brune's “ω-squared” point-source model. Parameters of the model are found to be region-dependent. Peak ground accelerations and response spectra for condition of rock sites were calculated using stochastic simulation technique and obtained models of source spectra. The modelled ground-motion parameters are compared with those predicted by recent empirical attenuation relationship for California.