青藏公路沥青路面下土体温度的小波分析

青藏公路多年冻土区监测断面所获得的土体温度时间序列,只在时间域中分析会忽略频域中所含的重要信息．为了揭示多年冻土区路基下土体温度随时间变化的频谱特征,运用小波变换法对自然地面下和沥青路面下温度变化的频谱特征和趋势进行分析．结果表明：2m、6m深度处温度变化均存在12月、6月和3月的周期成分及1—2月的短周期成分,其中以...     

水泥混凝土路面养护技术初探

水泥混凝土路面在外界因素、结构设计等影响下,面层或基层损坏,直接影响行车。本文通过详细的分析并阐述了路面病害形成的原因,从而提出如何进行日常养护及维修方法等。     

水泥混凝土路面脱空的探地雷达图像特征分析

脱空是水泥混凝土路面的常见病害,也是行车安全的主要隐患。探地雷达法通过观测分析高频电磁波反射信号特征来研究探测目标体的性质与规模,可以快速、有效地确定路面脱空的位置与充填情况。GprMax2D模拟结果、雷达实测资料和开挖验证情况的综合分析成果表明,充泥和充气空洞的雷达图像十分相似,特征明显,在空洞正上方都会出现一组非常明显的强反射信号,同相轴呈弧型,由于介电常数的明显差异,使得空洞充泥时反射波与直达波相位相反,而充气时反射波与直达波相位相同;不密实区域同相轴错断,显示出多条不规则弧形曲线。     

崂山花岗岩晶洞与天然石臼成因探讨

近年来,一种基岩表面石臼状微地貌(天然石臼)引起了学术界的关注,由此中国东部第四纪冰川问题再度掀起争论。关于天然石臼成因大体有: 壶穴说、冰臼说、风蚀穴说、风化坑说,等等。显然,在不同情况下,其成因可能是不同的。笔者对青岛崂山考察发现,这里的晶洞花岗岩本来原生洞穴(晶洞或气泡洞)非常发育,它们对天然石臼的形成存在重要影响。不但几厘米的晶洞可以经过风化作用拓展成相当大的石臼,甚至一些较大的晶洞(气泡洞)与石臼在形态、尺度和分布上比较接近。因此推断,崂山的天然石臼是岩石原生洞穴沿节理和裂隙崩塌破坏后,暴露出来经风化作用改造而成,甚至有的石臼基本是晶洞破坏后的直接产物,而非所谓的"冰臼"。     

利用激光三角法进行快速车辙检测

为了实现实时车辙测量及绘制足够密集的路面剖面线,分别设定全局和局部阈值,利用局部梯度极大值及邻域灰度进行激光线判断和提取;提出了基于Delaunay三角网的标定点网格建立及测量点的物方坐标反算方法。实验路段的检测结果表明,车辙检测仪的检测结果与人工检测结果符合得较好,可以作为路面车辙测量的可靠工具。     

城市化进程中环境地质问题的研究与对策

当前我国处于城市化高速发展的历史阶段,城市环境地质问题日益突出。原植被和土壤被用于城市建设,硬化地表面积和建筑密度的急剧增加,导致降雨形成的地表径流量增大,洪峰流量增大,峰现时间提前,易形成城市型洪水效应。地下水开采等因素引起了地面沉降增大、增多,并形成多个沉降中心。地面沉降损失地面高程,带来雨后城市积水、城市地下管网破坏等一系列危害。本文从生态城市建设的视角出发,拟采用透水性铺装防治与缓解城市环境地质灾害和生态环境恶化,目标是解决城市安全特别是城市环境地质安全问题,为城市防灾减灾与城市生态建设和城市可持续发展服务。     

A study of ground‐structure interaction in dynamic plate load testing

A mathematical treatment is presented for the forced vertical vibration of a padded annular footing on a layered viscoelastic half‐space. On assuming a depth‐independent stress distribution for the interfacial buffer, the set of triple integral equations stemming from the problem is reduced to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. The solution method, which is tailored to capture the stress concentrations beneath footing edges, is highlighted. To cater to small‐scale geophysical applications, the model is used to investigate the near‐field effects of ground‐loading system interaction in dynamic geotechnical and pavement testing. Numerical results indicate that the uniform‐pressure assumption for the contact load between the composite disc and the ground which is customary in dynamic plate load testing may lead to significant errors in the diagnosis of subsurface soil and pavement conditions. Beyond its direct application to non‐intrusive site characterization, the proposed solution can be used in the seismic analysis of a variety of structures involving annular foundation geometries. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical analysis of applying special pavements to solve the frost heave diseases of high-speed railway roadbedsin seasonally frozen ground regions

The Haerbin-Dalian Passenger Dedicated Line is the first high-speed railway constructed in the seasonally frozen ground regions of northeastern China. Frost heave diseases occurred in the first winter of its operation(between October 2012 and January 2013), and frost heave was observed mainly in the roadbed fills that were considered not susceptible to frost heave. This paper proposes applying two special pavements — black pavement and insulation-black pavement — to improve the thermal regime of the roadbed. Three numerical models of the roadbed temperature field were built based on the field conditions of the Changchun section(D3K692+840 to D3K692+860). The results show that:(1) Compared with cement pavement, black pavement and insulation-black pavement could reduce the freezing index at the roadbed surface by 37% and 64%, respectively, which could influence the maximum frozen depth;(2) the maximum frozen depths under the black pavement and insulation-black pavement were respectively 1.3–1.4 m and 1 m. Compared with cement pavement, they could reduce the maximum frozen depth by 0.4 m and 0.7–0.8 m, respectively, which would reduce the permitted amount of frost heave by 4 mm and 7–8 mm, which would meet the deformation limit established by the Code for Design on Special Subgrade of Railway;(3) the freezing periods of the black pavement and the insulation-black pavement were, respectively, approximately four months and two months. Compared with cement pavement, they could reduce the freezing period by approximately 19 days and 40 days, respectively, and delay the initial freezing time by 9 days and 18 days; and(4) compared with cement pavement, black pavement and black-insulation pavement could reduce the frozen areas of roadbeds in the cold season, which suggests that these two special pavements could provide better thermal stability for roadbeds.     

Rock varnish microlamination dating of late Quaternary geomorphic features in the drylands of western USA

Varnish microlamination (VML) dating is a correlative age determination technique that can be used to date and correlate various geomorphic features in deserts. In this study, we establish a generalized late Quaternary (i.e., 0–300 ka) varnish layering sequence for the drylands of western USA and tentatively correlate it with the SPECMAP oxygen isotope record. We then use this climatically correlated varnish layering sequence as a correlative dating tool to determine surface exposure ages for late Quaternary geomorphic features in the study region. VML dating of alluvial fan deposits in Death Valley of eastern California indicates that, during the mid to late Pleistocene, 5–15 ky long aggradation events occurred during either wet or dry climatic periods and that major climate shifts between glacial and interglacial conditions may be the pacemaker for alteration of major episodes of fan aggradation. During the Holocene interglacial time, however, 0.5–1 ky long brief episodes of fan deposition may be linked to short periods of relatively wet climate. VML dating of alluvial desert pavements in Death Valley and the Mojave Desert reveals that pavements can be developed rapidly (< 10 ky) during the Holocene (and probably late Pleistocene) in the arid lowlands (< 800 m msl) of these regions; but once formed, they may survive for 74–85 ky or even longer without being significantly disturbed by geomorphic processes operative at the pavement surface. Data from this study also support the currently accepted, “being born at the surface” model of desert pavement formation. VML dating of colluvial boulder deposits on the west slope of Yucca Mountain, southern Nevada, yields a minimum age of 46 ka for the emplacement of these deposits on the slope, suggesting that they were probably formed during the early phase of the last glaciation or before. These results, combined with those from our previous studies, demonstrate that VML dating has great potential to yield numerical age estimates for various late Quaternary geomorphic features in the western USA drylands.