基于广义SMP准则及应力路径法的柱孔扩张分析

柱孔扩张理论广泛用于旁压试验机制分析、沉桩挤土效应等岩土工程问题中。基于经典的Vesic孔扩张理论,采用能够考虑中主应力效应的广义SMP屈服准则,并结合有限应变理论对均质土体中柱孔扩张问题进行分析,根据应力路径假设提出确定塑性区平均体应变的解析步骤。通过大量变参数计算给出具有不同刚度指标 、泊松比 和内摩擦角 的土中柱孔扩张极限状态下的塑性区平均体应变、孔扩张半径比和孔扩张系数。分析结果表明, 、 、 越大,塑性区平均体应变越小,塑性区半径比越大,孔扩张系数越大;随着 增加, 的变化对孔扩张系数的影响更显著。同时,将结果与基于Mohr-Coulomb准则的孔扩张解答进行比较,探讨不同土性参数时中主应力效应对孔扩张系数的影响。文中分析方法及给出的考虑中主应力效应的柱孔扩张系数表可为原位试验分析及桩侧摩阻力估算提供参考。     

天然沉积粉质黏土的应力路径试验研究

天然沉积土在沉积过程中产生了结构性和各向异性,使其受力变形特性与重塑土存在明显的差异。实际工程中的天然土体往往在受荷过程中会经历不同的应力路径,因此,需要开展考虑结构性和各向异性影响的应力路径试验。通过研究不同应力路径下土体的力学特性,为建立复杂应力路径下的合理的本构模型提供试验依据。采用大直径PVC管取样器获取张家港地区地下2.5 m深的粉质黏土不扰动土样,通过GDS三轴仪对土样进行了K0固结不同排水应力路径试验。结果表明,应力路径对不扰动土样的体积变形和剪切变形均有显著影响,且球应力和偏应力对土的体应变和剪应变存在交叉影响。无论以体积变形为主还是剪切变形为主的应力路径下,应力-应变曲线都有明显的屈服性状。通过描绘试验所得各应力路径下的屈服点,获得张家港不扰动土样的屈服轨迹大致呈倾斜的椭圆形状,采用Wheeler模型的屈服面与试验屈服点的吻合程度要优于Nakano模型。     

基于改进遗传算法的Holt-Winters模型在采空沉陷预测中的应用

针对遗传算法存在的缺陷,提出了用小生境方法改进遗传算法。为了提高采空沉陷预测精度,借助Holt-Winters模型的预测功能,应用改进遗传算法求解和优化Holt-Winters模型组合参数,形成了改进遗传算法-Holt-Winters模型组合算法。将组合算法应用于长平高速公路采空区路段沉陷预测,计算表明：改进遗传算法弥补了传统遗传算法易早熟、局部寻优能力弱的缺陷;改进遗传算法-Holt-Winters模型组合算法克服了按梯度试算法搜索质量差和精度不高的缺点,输出稳定性好,预测结果相对误差在2%以内,预测精度显著提高;在采空沉陷中长期预测的相对误差小于0.79%,该算法可用于中长期采空沉陷预测。     

高校信访工作探析

近年来,高等教育各项改革不断深入,打破了原有利益格局,使旧体制下的隐性矛盾显现化,导致信访活动日益增多,增加了高校管理工作难度。基于高校信访工作的特点和现状,提出了新时期高校信访的工作目标以及实现目标的路径选择。     

论“前乐府”的批评——兼及孔子的“删诗”问题

汉武帝"乃立乐府"前,不仅存在着"乐府"与乐府诗,而且也存在着"前乐府批评"。"前乐府"的批评,主要表现在"整理""选择""题解"三个方面,且互有关联,即"整理"之中兼有"选择","选择"之中又兼有"题解"。这种类型的批评,是文学批评在初始阶段的一种具体表现。"前乐府"的批评由先秦而唐宋,形成了乐府诗批评史上一道耀眼的风景线。     

印尼阿拉弗拉海浅色黄姑鱼形态性状与体重之间的关系分析

随机选取1176尾浅色黄姑鱼其中有600尾雌性和576尾雄性研究其形态性状对其体重的影响,测定性状包括其体长(X1)、躯干长(X2)、尾长(X3)、头长(X4)、体高(X5)、最大体周(X6)、体重(Y)。利用相关分析方法计算各性状间的相关系数,并通过通径分析方法计算其以体重为依变量各形态性状为自变量的通经系数和决定系数。结果表明:雌雄性浅色黄姑鱼各形态性状与体重之间相关性均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);雌性浅色黄姑鱼中各形态性状中体长、最大体周、体高、尾长、躯干长的通径系数达到极显著水平(P<0.01),而雄性浅色黄姑鱼各形态性状中体长、最大体周、头长、尾长、躯干长的通径系数达到极显著水平(P<0.01);决定系数分析结果表明雌性浅色黄姑鱼的体长和最大体周对其体重的决定程度最大;而雄性浅色黄姑鱼最大体周和躯干长对其体重的决定程度最大。经多元回归分析去除偏回归系数不显著的性状,建立多元回归方程。     

ZResponse to selection, heritability and genetic correlations between body weight and body size in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

To quantify the response to selection,heritability and genetic correlations between weight and size of Litopenaeus vannamei,the body weight (BW),total length (TL),body length (BL),first abdominal segment depth (FASD),third abdominal segment depth (TASD),first abdominal segment width (FASW),and partial carapace length (PCL) of 5-month-old parents and of offspring were measured by calculating seven body measurings of offspring produced by a nested mating design.Seventeen half-sib families and 42 full-sib families ofL.vannamei were produced using artificial fertilization from 2-4 dams by each sire,and measured at around five months post-metamorphosis.The results show that heritabilities among various traits were high:0.515士0.030 for body weight and 0.394士0.030 for total length.After one generation of selection,the selection response was 10.70% for offspring growth.In the 5"’ month,the realized heritability for weight was 0.296 for the offspring generation.Genetic correlations between body weight and body size were highly variable.The results indicate that external morphological parameters can be applied during breeder selection for enhancing the growth without sacrificing animals for determining the body size and breed ability;and selective breeding can be improved significantly,simultaneously with increased production.     

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页岩气勘探目标层段优选

探讨了页岩气勘探目标层段优选中含气量、埋深及有机碳含量之间的互相补偿关系,并初步提出了相应的参考特征值。Ⅰ型、Ⅱ1型、Ⅱ2和Ⅲ型有机质热进入生气主峰的成熟度门限依次递降,Ro分别为1.2%、0.9%、0.7%和0.5%,相应的深度界限依次减小;对美国页岩气产层实际资料统计分析后认为,要形成工业价值的页岩气,在1 000 m、2 000 m、3 000 m深度页岩含气量至少应达到0.5 m3/t、1.0 m3/t、1.5 m3/t;根据渝东南地区下志留统龙马溪组Ⅰ型有机质页岩研究表明,要达到一定的含气量,有机碳含量与深度应互相补偿。若要含成熟有机质的页岩吸附气含量达到1.0 m3/t,则在500 m、1 000 m、2 000 m深度处TOC值需依次达到1.4%、1.1%和0.9%以上。     

A Bayesian palaeoenvironmental transfer function model for acidified lakes

A Bayesian approach to palaeoecological environmental reconstruction deriving from the unimodal responses generally exhibited by organisms to an environmental gradient is described. The approach uses Bayesian model selection to calculate a collection of probability-weighted, species-specific response curves (SRCs) for each taxon within a training set, with an explicit treatment for zero abundances. These SRCs are used to reconstruct the environmental variable from sub-fossilised assemblages. The approach enables a substantial increase in computational efficiency (several orders of magnitude) over existing Bayesian methodologies. The model is developed from the Surface Water Acidification Programme (SWAP) training set and is demonstrated to exhibit comparable predictive power to existing Weighted Averaging and Maximum Likelihood methodologies, though with improvements in bias; the additional explanatory power of the Bayesian approach lies in an explicit calculation of uncertainty for each individual reconstruction. The model is applied to reconstruct the Holocene acidification history of the Round Loch of Glenhead, including a reconstruction of recent recovery derived from sediment trap data. The Bayesian reconstructions display similar trends to conventional (Weighted Averaging Partial Least Squares) reconstructions but provide a better reconstruction of extreme pH and are more sensitive to small changes in diatom assemblages. The validity of the posteriors as an apparently meaningful representation of assemblage-specific uncertainty and the high computational efficiency of the approach open up the possibility of highly constrained multiproxy reconstructions.