自变量优化的一元线性回归

一元线性回归是应用最为广泛的参数估计方法之一。文中提出一元线性回归的自变量在等差级数的基础上进行双向黄金分割,提高两端点观测值的多余观测分量,缩小观测值之间多余观测分量的差异,在不增加观测值数量和不改变观测值精度的前提下,提高稳健估计方法消除或减弱粗差的能力。     

Effect of Coulomb collisions on the particle acceleration in collapsing magnetic traps

The problem of particle acceleration in collapsing magnetic traps in the solar corona has been solved by taking into account the particle scattering and braking in the high-temperature plasma of solar flares. The Coulomb collisions are shown to be weak in traps with lifetimes t _l < 10 s and strong for t _l > 100 s. In the approximation of strong collisions, collapsing magnetic traps are capable of confining up to 20% of the injected particles in the corona for a long time. In the collisionless approximation, this value exceeds 90%. The question about the observational manifestations of collisions is examined. For collision times comparable to t _l , the electron spectrumat energies above 10 keV is shown to be a double-power-law one. Such spectra were found by the RHESSI satellite in flares.     

Analytical description of charged particle motion in a reconnecting current sheet

We have obtained an analytical solution to the equation of motion in the guiding center approximation for nonrelativistic charged particles in a reconnecting current sheet with a three-component magnetic field. Given the electric field attributable to magnetic reconnection, the solution describes stable and unstable three-dimensional particle orbits. We have found the domain of input parameters at which the motion is stable. A physical interpretation of the processes affecting the stability of the motion is given. Charge separation is shown to take place in the sheet during the motion: oppositely charged particles are localized mostly in different regions of the current sheet. A formula is derived for the particle energy in stable and unstable orbits. The results obtained by numerical and analytical methods are compared.     

Effects of seed particle size and composition on heterogeneous nucleation of n-nonane

Heterogeneous nucleation of supersaturated n-nonane vapour on seed particles of different size and composition has been investigated using a fast expansion chamber. Monodisperse seed particle sizes were ranging from about 4 nm up to about 24 nm in diameter. By using different types of particle generators WO_x, Ag and (NH₄)₂SO₄ particles were generated. For direct comparison between different particle compositions overlapping sizes have been generated for WO_x and Ag at about 7 nm particle diameter as well as for Ag and (NH₄)₂SO₄ at about 15 nm. Nucleation temperature was kept constant at about 278 K. Experimental data were compared to Kelvin equation and Fletcher theory including the effect of line tension. It was found that heterogeneous nucleation of n-nonane seems to be independent of seed particle composition and starts well below the Kelvin curve. Good agreement was achieved with Fletcher theory including the effect of line tension.     

应用Models-3/CMAQ模式对华北地区一次强沙尘天气的研究初探

根据2002年在ACE-Asia和TRACE-P试验中获得的亚洲区域污染源排放资料,结合由MICAPS能见度观测资料估算而得的颗粒物排放资料,利用美国EPA最新发展的Models-3/CMAQ模式系统,模拟研究了2002年3月华北地区发生的一次强沙尘暴个例.结果表明,(1)模拟的各气态污染物的时空演变及相互关系与已有的观测结果基本一致.(2)颗粒污染物的模拟结果也反映了已有的观测事实,粗细颗粒物呈一致的先降后升日变化趋势;沙尘过程前期,颗粒物污染主要来源于近地面污染源;沙尘期间,颗粒物污染主要源自外界沙尘的高空输送,且粗颗粒物污染是此次过程的首要颗粒污染.(3)该模式系统可用于沙尘气溶胶研究的进一步开发与利用.     

矿床工业指标优化及其对矿山可持续发展的意义:以紫金山金矿为例

矿床工业指标的优化应体现动态性和及时性的原则,建立起能反映各有关参数间动态联系的数学模型,在生产成本、产品价格、生产技术等有较大变化时及时进行优化,从而有效地保护和科学、合理地开发利用矿产资源,实现可持续发展。本文以福建紫金山金矿为例,论述了矿床工业指标优化的原则和可行性,阐述了矿床工业指标优化参数的选择和论证过程,以及增加矿产资源储量,提高资源利用率,延长矿山服务年限,实现矿山可持续发展的意义。     

Micromechanical parameters in bonded particle method for modelling of brittle material failure

Bonded particle modelling (BPM) is nowadays being extensively used for simulating brittle material failure. In BPM, material is modelled as a dense assemblage of particles (grains) connected together by contacts (cement). This sort of modelling seriously depends on the mechanical properties of particle and contact, which are named here as micro‐parameters. However, a definite calibration methodology to obtain micro‐parameters has not been so far established; and many have reported some serious problems. In this research, a calibration procedure to find a unique set of micro‐parameters is established. To attain this purpose, discrete element code of UDEC is used to perform BPM. This code can be conveniently developed by the user. The proposed BPM is composed of rigid polygonal particles interacting at their contact points. These contacts can undergo a certain amount of tension, and their shear resistance is provided by cohesion and friction angle. The results demonstrate that each material macro‐property (i.e. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, internal friction angel, internal cohesion, and tensile strength) is directly originated from and distinctly related to the contact properties (i.e. normal and shear stiffness, friction angel, cohesion, and tensile strength). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

暴雨频率分布线型优选方法的研究

本文将四阶线性矩检验法引入暴雨频率分布线型的选择,分析四阶线性矩检验法作为暴雨频率分布线型的选择准则的适用性,并与国内外其他4种常用的选优统计量得出的结果进行比较.四阶线性矩检验法的结果表明三参数的对数正态分布与各流域的实测暴雨资料拟合最好,这与其他4种方法的结论基本一致,很好地鏊别了暴雨频率的分布线型,四阶线性矩检验法可以作为检验暴雨频率分布线型选择的方法,四阶线性矩检验法扩展了暴雨线型检验的方法.     

准噶尔盆地中部地区钻头优选技术应用研究

岩石可钻性是决定钻井效率的基本因素,反映了钻进时岩石破碎的难易程度,是合理选择钻进方式、钻头类型和设计钻进参数的依据。基于地层岩石可钻性的计算方法,结合实钻井的测井资料分析,建立了准噶尔盆地中部区块地层岩石可钻性剖面,并以此为依据推荐了适用于不同地层的钻头类型,现场应用结果表明,所用钻头具有很好的适用性,能够进一步提高准噶尔盆地中部地区的机械钻速,对于该地区的后续钻井钻头类型的选择具有重要的指导意义。