基于Oracle拓扑模型的地块建模与变更

拓扑建模是实现地籍地块变更的基础。通过以Oracle10g拓扑数据模型结点创建界址点,弧段创建界址线,多边形创建地块的方法实现了地籍地块的拓扑建模,减化了拓扑规则的设置及拓扑错误的检查,提出了地籍地块的变更方法,给出了其具体的实现过程和关键技术。     

Introducing scale parameters for adjusting area objects in GIS based on least squares and variance component estimation

In this paper, a least‐squares based cadastral parcel area adjustment in geographic information systems (GIS) is developed based on (1) both the areas and coordinates being treated as observations with errors; and (2) scale parameters being introduced to take the systematic effect into account in the process of cadastral map digitization. The area condition equation for cadastral parcel considerations of scale parameters and geometric constraints is first constructed. The effects of the scale error on area adjustment results are then derived, and statistical hypothesis testing is presented to determine the significance of the scale error. Afterwards, Helmert's variance component estimation based on least‐squares adjustment using the condition equation with additional parameters is proposed to determine the weight between the coordinate and area measurements of the parcel. Practical tests are conducted to illustrate the implementation of the proposed methods. Four schemes for solving the inconsistencies between the registered areas and the digitized areas of the parcels are studied. The analysis of the results demonstrates that in the case of significant systematic errors in cadastral map digitization, the accuracies of the adjusted coordinates and areas are improved by introducing scale parameters to reduce the systematic error influence in the parcel area adjustment. Meanwhile, Helmert's variance component estimation method determines more accurate weights of the digitized coordinates and parcel areas, and the least‐squares adjustment solves the inconsistencies between the registered areas and the digitized areas of the parcels.     

德州市德城区地籍调查数据整理入库工作探讨

全国第二次土地调查是一项重大的国情国力调查,在此次调查中笔者负责德城区调查成果数据入库。该文基于在第二次土地调查中的工作经验,就扫描档案文件、宗地权属信息和宗地界址信息快速整理入库提出几点方法,供广大一线工作者参考。     

Simulating urban land-use changes at a large scale by integrating dynamic land parcel subdivision and vector-based cellular automata

Cellular automata (CA) have been widely used to simulate complex urban development processes. Previous studies indicated that vector-based cellular automata (VCA) could be applied to simulate urban land-use changes at a realistic land parcel level. Because of the complexity of VCA, these studies were conducted at small scales or did not adequately consider the highly fragmented processes of urban development. This study aims to build an effective framework called dynamic land parcel subdivision (DLPS)-VCA to accurately simulate urban land-use change processes at the land parcel level. We introduce this model in urban land-use change simulations to reasonably divide land parcels and introduce a random forest algorithm (RFA) model to explore the transition rules of urban land-use changes. Finally, we simulate the land-use changes in Shenzhen between 2009 and 2014 via the proposed DLPS-VCA model. Compared to the advanced Patch-CA and RFA-VCA models, the DLPS-VCA model achieves the highest simulation accuracy (Figure-of-Merit = 0.232), which is 32.57% and 18.97% higher respectively, and is most similar to the actual land-use scenario (similarity = 94.73%) at the pattern level. These results indicate that the DLPS-VCA model can both accurately split the land during urban land-use changes and significantly simulate urban expansion and urban land-use changes at a fine scale. Furthermore, the land-use change rules that are based on DPLS-VCA mining and the simulation results of several future urban development scenarios can act as guides for future urban planning policy formulation.     

Inertial Instability of Arbitrarily Meandering Currents Governed by the Eccentrically Cyclogeostrophic Equation

Using natural coordinates, we have derived a criterion for the inertial instability of arbitrarily meandering currents. Such currents, governed by the eccentrically cyclogeostrophic equation, are adopted as the basic current field for the parcel method. We assume that any virtual displacement which is given to a water parcel moving in the basic field has no influence on this field. From the conservation of mechanical energy for a virtual displacement we derive an inertial instability frequency ω _m = [(f + 2u/r)Z]^0.5 for the eccentrically cyclogeostrophic current, where f is the Coriolis parameter, u the velocity (always positive), r the radius of curvature of a streamline (negative for an anticyclonic meander), and Z the vertical component of absolute vorticity. If ω _m ² is negative, the eccentrically cyclogeostrophic current becomes unstable. Although the conventional, centrifugal instability criterion, derived from the conservation of angular momentum in a circularly symmetric current field, has a certain meaning for a monopolar vortex, it contains a radial shear vorticity that is difficult to use in arbitrarily meandering currents. The new criterion ω _m ² contains a lateral shear vorticity that is applicable to arbitrarily meandering currents. Examining instabilities of concentric rings with radii of 50–100 km, we consider reasons why the anticyclonic supersolid rotation has been very much less frequently observed than the cyclonic supersolid rotation, despite a prediction of some common stability and a rapid change in radial velocity gradient for the former. Classifying eccentric streamlines into the large and small curvature-gradient types, we point out that the large-gradient curvature in anticyclonic rings is apt to be unstable. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

在线巡查技术在土地变更调查中的应用研究

在线巡查技术是指巡查人员通过移动终端连接服务器在线交互数据的一项技术,是近年来逐步发展应用于土地执法较为成熟的技术,对于需要外业调查以及室内审核的项目同样具有很好的应用效果。随着技术和装备的不断更新,全国土地变更调查工作也在提出新的要求,为适应新的形式,广东省首次利用已建成的省级在线巡查系统辅助开展县(市、区)土地变更调查,本文对省级在线巡查系统设计模式应用于土地变更调查工作进行了深入的分析和研究。     

复合地块的拓扑类型计算与应用

按照简单地块的8种拓扑关系分类定义,计算简单地块的拓扑关系。将复合地块的外边界与空洞分离为m＋1个（m是空洞数）简单多边形,分别计算外边界之间、空洞之间、外边界与空洞之间的拓扑关系,并且按照不同的拓扑关系组合,计算复合地块的8种拓扑关系。     

沙尘暴垂直输运的两相流理论Ⅰ:气块模式

沙尘暴是风蚀荒漠化中的一种天气现象,其形成受到两方面因素的共同影响:(1)自然因素,包括大风、降水减少及沙源;(2)人类活动因素,人类活动因素是指人类在发展经济过程中对植被的破坏以后,导致沙尘暴爆发频率数增加.沙尘暴已经成为中国西北、华北地区严重的气候灾害,而对沙尘的研究主要集中在起沙问题与沙尘沉降的问题,在理论上对前者研究较多,而对后者的研究则比较缺乏.假设空气块中带有沙尘,沙尘颗粒很小,随空气一起运动,可不计沙尘Stockes末速度,这样由空气和沙尘组成两相流.在两相流情况下,分析了均匀环境和非均匀环境条件下沙尘沉降的条件和速率.通过分析得到在均匀背景场下有利于沙尘沉降的条件为大的初始沙尘浓度扰动与小的初始温度扰动.进一步考虑更为真实的环境场,模式给出3种特征沉降区域:(1)速降区,沉降速率较快;(2)缓降区,沙尘先上升后下降,沉降时间较长;(3)波动区,沙尘在空气中不断地上下波动,此时很难判断沙尘何时沉降,取决于地面状况.同时也分析了沙尘不断上扬的背景条件.     

对流有效位能计算的新方案

对流有效位能是强对流天气分析预报的重要参数。本文通过理论推导,提出了载水气块和非载水气块两种情况下,对流有效位能的两个新的计算方案,分别记作CAPEw和CAPE。该方案与以往的方案有很大的不同和根本的区别,更加合理和符合实际。编制了相应的计算程序,可以计算两种情况下的对流抑制能量CINw、CIN,对流有效位能CAPEw、CAPE,抬升凝结高度LCL(二者相同),自由对流高度LFCw、LFC,对流凝结高度CCL(二者相同)以及平衡高度ELw、EL;可以预报对流温度Tg(二者相同);可以分析地面和高空温度、湿度、等压面高度发生变化时,CINw、CIN和CAPEw、CAPE等的数值变化情况,便于业务应用和理论研究。还讨论了影响对流有效位能局地变化的因子和预报思路。     

基于地块的时态地籍数据库数据结构的研究

根据地块特性,对时态地籍数据进行了详细分类,在此基础上,针对基于关系模型的时空数据结构的不足,提出了改进措施:建立专门的索引表———时态数据表,除时态数据表加入起始日期、变更日期外,其他属性表不用加入时间标记,空间数据结构采取基于多边形的矢量数据结构。以时态数据表为核心关联链表,以宗地号为公共字段,将宗地的各时态空间数据和属性数据有机结合起来,降低了数据的冗余性,优化时态连接,有效地描述了基于地块的地籍变更过程,达到了历史数据和当前数据双向查询的效果。