昆明盆地基底断裂地震勘探测线设计及施工参数试验分析

为了对昆明市活断层构造的深浅关系有更深入的了解,在浅层地震反射勘探的基础上,布设了一条东西向、横跨昆明盆地的中深层探测剖面KM4测线,通过对测线参数的试验与分析,确定了适合昆明盆地反射地震勘探的施工参数,采用该施工参数,开展了有效勘探深度为2～3 km的中深层反射地震勘探,确定了目标区隐伏活断层在盆地深部与盆地基底展布的异同及空间关系,探测到了昆明盆地深部断层的基本位置,确定了浅部断层与盆地基底断裂间的关系.对该测线的设计和参数采集试验分析,为城市和山区的活断层探测提供了宝贵的经验.     

Application of support vector machine to synthetic earthquake prediction

This paper introduces the method of support vector machine (SVM) into the field of synthetic earthquake pre-diction, which is a non-linear and complex seismogenic system. As an example, we apply this method to predict the largest annual magnitude for the North China area (30°E-42°E, 108°N-125°N) and the capital region (38°E-41.5°E, 114°N-120°N) on the basis of seismicity parameters and observed precursory data. The corresponding prediction rates for the North China area and the capital region are 64.1% and ...     

A parallel evolutionary strategy based simulation–optimization approach for solving groundwater source identification problems

Groundwater characterization involves the resolution of unknown system characteristics from observation data, and is often classified as an inverse problem. Inverse problems are difficult to solve due to natural ill-posedness and computational intractability. Here we adopt the use of a simulation–optimization approach that couples a numerical pollutant-transport simulation model with evolutionary search algorithms for solution of the inverse problem. In this approach, the numerical transport model is solved iteratively during the evolutionary search. This process can be computationally intensive since several hundreds to thousands of forward model evaluations are typically required for solution. Given the potential computational intractability of such a simulation–optimization approach, parallel computation is employed to ease and enable the solution of such problems. In this paper, several variations of a groundwater source identification problem is examined in terms of solution quality and computational performance. The computational experiments were performed on the TeraGrid cluster available at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. The results demonstrate the performance of the parallel simulation–optimization approach in terms of solution quality and computational performance.     

非对称双塔连体结构柔性连接体系参数研究

基于非对称双塔连体结构柔性连接体系的3自由度（3-DOF）力学模型,利用虚拟激励法分析了连接构件的频率比、阻尼比和质量比等参数对该复杂结构体系地震反应的影响。根据不同的控制目标,得到了非对称双塔连体结构柔性连接体系支座优化设计参数变化规律和连接参数的优化组合,可用来指导此类结构的减震初步设计。最后以某实际工程为算例进行数值分析,验证了优化理论的正确性。     

Estimating leaf area index by inversion of reflectance model for semiarid natural grasslands

The study developed an integrated reflectance model combining radiative transfer and geometric optical properties in order to inverse leaf area index (LAI) of semiarid natural grasslands. In order to better link remote sensing information with land plants, and facilitate regional and global climate change studies, the model introduced a simple but important geometrical similarity parameter related to plant crown shapes. The model revealed the influences of different plant crown shapes (such as spherical, cylindrical/cuboidal and conic crowns) on leaf/branch angle distribution frequencies, shadow ground coverage, shadowed or sunlit background fractions, canopy reflectance, and scene reflectance. The modeled reflectance data agreed with the measured ones in the three Leymus chinensis steppes with different degradation degrees, which validated the reflectance model. The lower the degradation degree was, the better the modeled data agreed with the measured data. After this reflectance model was coupled with the optimization inversion method, LAI over the entire study region was estimated once every eight days using the eight-day products of surface reflectance obtained by multi-spectral Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) during the growing seasons in 2002. The temporal and spatial patterns of inversed LAI for the steppes with different cover degrees, swamps, flood plains, and croplands agreed with the general laws and measurements very well. But for unused land cover types (sands, saline, and barren lands) and forestlands, totally accounting for about 10% of the study region, the reasonable LAI values were not derived by inversing, requiring further revising of the model or the development of a new model for them. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30500076), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB714407), and the President Foundation of Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. YZJJ200205)     

2D多尺度混合优化地球物理反演方法及其应用(英文)

局部优化和全局优化方法广泛应用到地球物理反演,但是两者各有其优缺点。将两类方法结合起来可以取长补短。将退火遗传算法（SAGA）和单纯形算法相结合,得到了一种高效、健全的2D非线性混合地震走时反演方法。首先,利用SAGA进行大范围的全局搜索,然后由单纯形方法进行快速局部搜索。为了降低层析成像的多解性,我们采用了多尺度逐次逼近的技巧。把速度场划分为不同的空间尺度,定义网格节点上的速度作为待反演参数,采用双三次样条函数模型参数化,正问题采用有限差分走时计算方法,反问题采用多尺度混合反演方法。一个低速度异常体的数值模拟试验和抗走时扰动试验表明该方法是有效和健全的。我们将该方法应用到青藏高原东北缘阿尼玛卿rlet,Meyer,Marr,缝合带东段上部地壳速度结构研究中。数字模型试验和实际资料的应用表明了方法的有效性和健全性。     

地球物理资料群体智能反演(英文)

复杂地球物理资料的反演问题往往是一个求解多参数非线性多极值的最优解问题。而鸟和蚂蚁等群体觅食的过程,正好与寻找地球物理反演最优解的过程相似。基于自然界群体协调寻优的思想,本文提出了交叉学科的群体智能地球物理资料反演方法,并给出了其对应的数学模型。用一个有无限多个局部最优解的已知模型对该类方法进行了试验。然后,将它们应用到了不同的复杂地球物理反演问题中:(1)对噪声敏感的线性问题;(2)非线性和线性同步反演问题;(3)非线性问题。反演结果表明,群体智能反演是可行的。与常规遗传算法和模拟退火法相比,该类方法有收敛速度相对快、收敛精度相对高等优点;与拟牛顿法和列文伯格一马夸特法相比,该类方法有能跳出局部最优解等优点。     

基于RAGA的指数曲线模型预测基桩承载力

预测挤扩支盘桩单桩极限承载力指数曲线模型的函数表达式是一个超定非线性方程。采用传统的最小二乘法对该模型参数进行回归处理时,往往由于计算复杂和人为因素的影响使预测结果存在较大的误差。为此,用实数编码加速遗传算法（RAGA）,对指数曲线模型的参数和理论极限承载力进行优化,并基于MATLAB环境下编写了模型的计算程序。结合工程实例,应用指数曲线模型对挤扩支盘桩静载荷试验实测数据进行了拟合分析。结果表明,基于RAGA的指数曲线优化模型能够更好地拟合实测数据和有效地预测单桩极限承载力,且基于RAGA的指数曲线优化模型具有求解速度快、计算精度和自动化程度高、人为干扰因素小、通用性强等优点。     

泥岩弹塑性损伤本构模型及其参数辨识

以连续介质力学和不可逆热力学为基础,将损伤引入到修正的Mohr-Coulomb准则中,建立了泥岩弹塑性损伤本构模型反映泥岩软硬化行为,通过构建损伤势函数导出了泥岩的损伤演化方程,编制了泥岩弹塑性损伤本构模型及其参数反演程序。并根据非排水条件下泥岩三轴试验结果,采用多目标函数优化反分析法获得了泥岩本构模型参数。研究成果表明,所提出的弹塑性损伤本构模型能有效地描述泥岩在不同应力状态下的力学特性。     

变参数DCD算法在岩土工程位移反分析中的应用

常规DCD(dynamic canonical descent)算法具有全局优化能力且无需考虑目标函数的可微性,只要预先定义优化空间即可,但是该算法的收敛速度有限,为此提出了变参数DCD算法,并建立了其相应的算法迭代格式。在数值试验和工程应用中将该变参数DCD算法与常规的DCD算法进行比较,其结果均表明：变参数DCD算法在全局优化能力和收敛速度上找到了一个均衡点,该算法不仅具有DCD算法的全局优化能力,而且收敛时所需的目标函数评估次数少,在优化过程中该算法展示出了稳定性强且优化结果可靠度高的一面。