滑坡预报的几个基本问题

在滑坡预报研究中,必须首先解决与预报密切相关的一些基本问题。否则,往往导致预报误差很大或者预报失败。根据作者的初步探索,本文重点讨论了滑坡预报的分类及定义、预报参数及其监测点的选取、变形突变现象的分析与处理以及斜坡变形阶段的定量判断等基本问题。     

EFFECT OF SHAPE ON INCIPIENT MOTION OF SEDIMENT PARTICLES

IINTRODUCTIONItisveryoftentoobservegravelpericlesinformofimbricateclustersonmountainousriverbeds.Theparticleassemblagesareonaveragethreetosixparticlesinlengthandformassingle,highlyimbricatedlongitUdinalthreads.Theyneednotconsistofthelargestmaterialonthebed,eventhoughthisispredominantlythecase(DeJongandErgenzinger,1995).Theyaredifferentiatedintermsofshape,numberandarrangementofparticles,butmostlythelengthandthewidthoftheparticlesareafewtimesofthethickness.Willettsetal.(1982)investigatedt…     

1995—1996年云南地区三次强震前地震活动的短期异常

在地震学参量年度异常的背景＾（３）,阐述了１９９５￣１９９６年云南地区发生的孟连、武定、丽江三次强震前的地震活动短期异常,包括地震平静、小震群、窗口地震、调制地震、地震波参数以及４级左右地震向震中迁移等。结果表明,这些异常特征表现突出,其演化进程显示了强震孕育的阶段性。     

伊犁盆地南缘可地浸砂岩型铀矿床远景地段影像特征及识别

本文阐述了科学试验卫星像片的二次开发研究,计算机三维立体模拟显示及多参数特征提取的原理、方法和步骤;综合研究了伊犁盆地南缘可地浸砂岩型铀矿不同级别的远景地段在不同类型影像上的特征,分析了远景地段影像特征的内涵及地质意义,并据此对远景地段影像特征进行了识别。在此基础上,采用层层剥笋、步步深入、逐次缩小范围的方法,对伊犁盆地从区域成矿远景、有利地段（靶区）的优选到矿区范围有利勘探地段进行了逐步分级预测,取得了良好的验证效果。     

地质雷达在公路路面检测中的应用

探讨了地质雷达在公路路面无损检测中的应用,重点介绍了野外资料采集时的参数设置和室内数据处理,以及处理后资料的解释,并给出了应用实例。     

用长周期体波反演地震矩张量及其实际意义

摘　 要　 介绍了地震矩张量的性质和用长周期体波反演地震矩张量的方法。用地震矩张量表 示震源‚能够使震源参数线性化‚从而实现由观测资料快速、简捷地反演出震源参数。     

甘肃省安家岔金矿床矿物包裹体研究

本文从石英包裹体的气液相成分分析数据和均一温度测定结果出发,计算出矿床的成矿压力、成矿热液的物理比学参数及其化学成分特征参数。结合矿床地质特征对矿床的成矿温度、矿床成矿热液的性质和来源、热液的流动方向、热液化学成分与金矿化的关系、热液中金的迁移形式和沉淀机制等问题作了进一步地探讨。结果表明,安家岔金矿床具有改造型金矿床的成因特点。     

水文模型参数敏感性分析—优化—区域化方法研究进展

水文模型是认识水文科学规律、分析水文过程及研究水文循环机理的重要科学工具。水文模型模拟结果的不确定分析是提高模型可靠性、进行有效水情预报的一个重要研究内容。参数不确定性是影响水文模型模拟结果不确定性的关键因素之一,开展模型参数不确定性及其影响因素分析对水文预报具有重要现实意义。目前的参数不确定性分析方法大致可分为3类：参数敏感性分析、参数优化以及考虑无资料流域参数值估计的参数区域化方法。论文归纳总结了近年来国内外水文模型参数不确定性分析工作的主要研究进展,分析了不同方法的优点与不足,提出了未来水文模型不确定性分析方法研究的潜在发展方向。借助多学科理论和技术方法,加强水文模型不确定性分析系统性方法的研究,是水文学科当前的迫切需求及发展趋势。     

A lumped parameter model for time‐domain inertial soil‐structure interaction analysis of structures on pile foundations

The paper presents a lumped parameter model for the approximation of the frequency‐dependent dynamic stiffness of pile group foundations. The model can be implemented in commercial software to perform linear or nonlinear dynamic analyses of structures founded on piles taking into account the frequency‐dependent coupled roto‐translational, vertical, and torsional behaviour of the soil‐foundation system. Closed‐form formulas for estimating parameters of the model are proposed with reference to pile groups embedded in homogeneous soil deposits. These are calibrated with a nonlinear least square procedure, based on data provided by an extensive non‐dimensional parametric analysis performed with a model previously developed by the authors. Pile groups with square layout and different number of piles embedded in soft and stiff soils are considered. Formulas are overall well capable to reproduce parameters of the proposed lumped system that can be straightforwardly incorporated into inertial structural analyses to account for the dynamic behaviour of the soil‐foundation system. Some applications on typical bridge piers are finally presented to show examples of practical use of the proposed model. Results demonstrate the capability of the proposed lumped system as well as the formulas efficiency in approximating impedances of pile groups and the relevant effect on the response of the superstructure.     

A frequency‐dependent and intensity‐dependent macroelement for reduced order seismic analysis of soil‐structure interacting systems

The computational demand of the soil‐structure interaction analysis for the design and assessment of structures, as well as for the evaluation of their life‐cycle cost and risk exposure, has led the civil engineering community to the development of a variety of methods toward the model order reduction of the coupled soil‐structure dynamic system in earthquake regions. Different approaches have been proposed in the past as computationally efficient alternatives to the conventional finite element model simulation of the complete soil‐structure domain, such as the nonlinear lumped spring, the macroelement method, and the substructure partition method. Yet no approach was capable of capturing simultaneously the frequency‐dependent dynamic properties along with the nonlinear behavior of the condensed segment of the overall soil‐structure system under strong earthquake ground motion, thus generating an imbalance between the modeling refinement achieved for the soil and the structure. To this end, a dual frequency‐dependent and intensity‐dependent expansion of the lumped parameter modeling method is proposed in the current paper, materialized through a multiobjective algorithm, capable of closely approximating the behavior of the nonlinear dynamic system of the condensed segment. This is essentially the extension of an established methodology, also developed by the authors, in the inelastic domain. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is validated for the case of a bridge foundation system, wherein the seismic response is comparatively assessed for both the proposed method and the detailed finite element model. The above expansion is deemed a computationally efficient and reliable method for simultaneously considering the frequency and amplitude dependence of soil‐foundation systems in the framework of nonlinear seismic analysis of soil‐structure interaction systems.