坐标转换参数的求解方法及其应用

根据坐标转换参数的解算模型,介绍几种常见的坐标转换参数的求解方法及其参数个数与精度;探讨选择坐标转换参数的条件及转换参数的应用,从而阐明转换参数对GPS技术的推广和全球资料的统一的重要作用。     

乌鲁木齐地区层状云降雨雷达回波特征

利用2003年6月至2005年4月乌鲁木齐CINRAD/CC多普勒天气雷达资料结合探空资料,通过对108例层状云降雨雷达回波进行分类,对冷云、暖云、有融化带云回波进行研究,初步提出层状云雷达回波的特征参数,可为临近天气预报及人工增雨作业条件的选择等提供参考。     

Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs

Large karstic springs in east-central Florida, USA were studied using multi-tracer and geochemical modeling techniques to better understand groundwater flow paths and mixing of shallow and deep groundwater. Spring water types included Ca–HCO₃ (six), Na–Cl (four), and mixed (one). The evolution of water chemistry for Ca–HCO₃ spring waters was modeled by reactions of rainwater with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions. The Na–Cl and mixed-type springs were modeled by reactions of either rainwater or Upper Floridan aquifer water with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions and mixed with varying proportions of saline Lower Floridan aquifer water, which represented 4–53% of the total spring discharge. Multiple-tracer data—chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113, tritium (³H), helium-3 (³He_trit), sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆)—for four Ca–HCO₃ spring waters were consistent with binary mixing curves representing water recharged during 1980 or 1990 mixing with an older (recharged before 1940) tracer-free component. Young-water mixing fractions ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Tracer concentration data for two Na–Cl spring waters appear to be consistent with binary mixtures of 1990 water with older water recharged in 1965 or 1975. Nitrate-N concentrations are inversely related to apparent ages of spring waters, which indicated that elevated nitrate-N concentrations were likely contributed from recent recharge.An erratum to this article can be found at     

应用Moya方法反演浙江地区震源参数和台站场地响应

根据浙江数字地震台网记录的发生在浙江省及其附近海域的中小地震的波形资料,采用Moya方法[1],反演浙江地区震源参数和场地响应特征。     

关于手持GPS测定活断层位置中求解坐标系统转换参数的问题

测定活断层的坐标、绘制活断层空间位置分布图,是城市活断层探测的一个重要目的。手持GPS可以方便、快捷的测定目标点的WGS-84坐标,测量精度也满足1∶1万地形图的要求。本文介绍如何求解系统转换参数,将WGS-84坐标转换为我国目前使用的是1954年北京坐标系或1980年国家大地坐标系。进而可以利用GIS技术建立活断层信息管理数据库系统。     

Lamé parameters inversion based on elastic impedance and its application

The Connolly (1999) elastic impedance (EI) equation is a function of P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, density, and incidence angle. Conventional inversion methods based on this equation can only extract P-velocity, S-velocity, and density data directly and the elastic impedance at different incidence angles are not at the same scale, which makes comparison difficult. We propose a new elastic impedance equation based on the Gray et al. (1999) Zoeppritz approximation using Lamé parameters to address the conventional inversion method’s deficiencies. This equation has been normalized to unify the elastic impedance dimensions at different angles and used for inversion. Lamé parameters can be extracted directly from the elastic impedance data obtained from inversion using the linear relation between Lamé parameters and elastic impedance. The application example shows that the elastic parameters extracted using this new method are more stable and correct and can recover the reservoir information very well. The new method is an improvement on the conventional method based on Connolly’s equation. Wang Baoli graduated with a Bachelor’s degree in Prospecting Information and Engineering from the China University of Petroleum (East China) in 2004 and earned her Master’s degree from the department of Geophysical Prospecting and Information Technology in the China University of Petroleum ((East China) in 2006. She now studies for her PhD at the China University of Petroleum (East China). Her research interest is elastic impedance inversion.     

北京地区近断层强地震动模拟

文中利用1679年三河-平谷8级地震的有关资料和北京地区地下三维结构的研究成果,建立了相应的震源模型和传播介质模型。利用Graves的三维有限差分程序,计算了北京地区震后的地面峰值速度。通过对计算结果的分析处理,获得了近断层强地震动的近断层效应、方向性效应、上盘效应和盆地效应等基本特征。同时,这些特征也反映了我们所设定的震源和传播介质参数的合理性,以及模拟方法的正确性。另外,分析处理中所获得的这些结果可为北京地区的城市规划和抗震设防提供客观的参考依据     

SQIP方法在华北地区地震中、短期预测中的应用研究

对SQIP地震学中期预测方法在华北地区的中期预测效果进行了重新评价,回溯性全时空扫描检验报准率R值约为0.67~0.68。做了方法中短期和短期预测指标的提取尝试。结果表明综合参量P值异常区由最大出现收缩后,平均约7个月左右发生未来主震,其中6个月内的震例约占有“收缩”震例的53%~54%,在3个月内的约占33%~35%;部分震例发生在异常区消失后7~8个月内。表明P值异常区“收缩”(或消失)一定程度上可以作为中、强地震的中短期预测标志。     

松辽盆地北部火山岩CO2脱气参数及其对CO2资源量估算的意义

为了定量评价火山岩脱CO2气量的潜力，选择松辽盆地北部火山岩进行了低温脱气实验。将火山岩加热到250℃时，脱出挥发份总量为0.0299～0.0790ml/g；其中CO2脱出量为0.0218～0.0706 ml/g（0.429～1.387wt％）。脱挥发份总量与其中CO2量具有良好的正线性相关；挥发份以CO2气为主，其次是Ｎ2气，还伴有H2、CO、CH4等还原性气体，以及更少量的低碳烷烃；基性火山岩比中、酸性火山岩脱出CO2数量较多。火山岩吸附大量CO2气，成为充足气源，火山岩脱出的吸附气主要是辗转而来的深源气，火山岩成为探索幔源气成藏的主要源岩，尤其是基性火山岩。估算CO2资源量，可将250℃时火山岩挥发份含量作为岩石挥发份及残余CO2量的下限值，而全岩分析的总碳含量可作为CO2脱出量的上限值。