iGeoTrans – a novel iOS application for GPS positioning in geosciences

The iGeoTrans is an iOS application designed for navigation purposes for iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. This application uses Global Positioning System (GPS), Assisted GPS system, GLONASS, Wi-Fi and Cellular Network for positioning. The iGeoTrans has included datum transformations and map projections that enable users to convert the collected data between different coordinate systems for almost all areas in the world. In addition, other features are also included such as distance, area measurements, and GPS results could be exported to the AutoCad dxf format for GIS softwares. The average horizontal and vertical root mean square errors (RMSEs) for the static test are around 4.11 and 3.51?m, respectively. The horizontal RMSE for the dynamic outdoor test is around 2.72?m. The iGeoTrans application can be used to support surveying, mapping and geosciences fieldworks for any area in the world.     

基于双向切片的点云孔洞修补方法研究

点云的孔洞修补是点云数据处理的重要一环。传统方法对孔洞区域包含多种曲面的孔洞,修补方法会产生失效或修补效果不理想的情况。本文引入了切片方法来进行复杂孔洞的修补,并在此基础上使用双向切片方法,修补的效果及精度良好。     

两江新区东部区域地形图投影变形处理方法

两江新区东部区域位于重庆市独立坐标中东带结合部,无论采用重庆市独立坐标系中带还是东带,每千米边长高斯投影长度变形都在1．0～4．0 cm之间,超出规范规定。本文研究并确定控制两江新区投影变形的最终方案,建立了两江新区工程坐标系与重庆市独立坐标系的坐标转换关系,提出并编程实现了DXF格式地形图的坐标转换方法。     

城乡多源地籍数据一张图技术研究

针对目前地籍管理数据的多样性,为满足日常地籍管理对现实数据的需求,提出多源地籍数据一张图的理念,通过比较分析目前研究现状,探索通过旋转平移、投影变换等方法实现数据坐标系的统一,同时为国土资源部门多源数据一张图管理提供借鉴。     

基于Global Mapper的测绘图形数据转换

Global Mapper支持多种格式的光栅、高程、矢量数据的读取与输出,并内置多种坐标投影方式。尝试挖掘其支持多种数据格式、多种投影模式的功能,快速实现测绘图形数据的转换。通过设置当前工作空间的坐标投影模式,然后打开任何其支持的、含有坐标投影信息的数据,所有数据均自动转换成当前的投影模式,最后将文件输出（另存为）为所需的格式,即可快速完成数据转换。转换的内容主要包括不同格式的DTM(Digital Terrain Model,数字地面模型)数据转换、相同格式但不同坐标投影之间的相互转换,以及卫星影像配准等     

Asian summer monsoon onset in simulations and CMIP5 projections using four Chinese climate models

The reproducibility and future changes of the onset of the Asian summer monsoon were analyzed based on the simulations and projections under the Representative Concentration Pathways(RCP) scenario in which anthropogenic emissions continue to rise throughout the 21 st century(i.e. RCP8.5) by all realizations from four Chinese models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5). Delayed onset of the monsoon over the Arabian Sea was evident in all simulations for present-day climate, which was associated with a too weak simulation of the low-level Somali jet in May.A consistent advanced onset of the monsoon was found only over the Arabian Sea in the projections, where the advanced onset of the monsoon was accompanied by an increase of rainfall and an anomalous anticyclone over the northern Indian Ocean. In all the models except FGOALS-g2, the enhanced low-level Somali jet transported more water vapor to the Arabian Sea, whereas in FGOALS-g2 the enhanced rainfall was determined more by the increased wind convergence. Furthermore,and again in all models except FGOALS-g2, the equatorial SST warming, with maximum increase over the eastern Pacific,enhanced convection in the central West Pacific and reduced convection over the eastern Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent region, which drove the anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the western Indian Ocean. In contrast, in FGOALS-g2, there was minimal(near-zero) warming of projected SST in the central equatorial Pacific, with decreased convection in the central West Pacific and enhanced convection over the Maritime Continent. The broader-scale differences among the models across the Pacific were related to both the differences in the projected SST pattern and in the present-day simulations.     

基于变量投影的结构总体最小二乘算法

测绘领域诸多实际应用中系数矩阵和观测向量具有结构特征,即系数矩阵和观测向量中包含固定量(甚至固定列)和随机量,并且不同位置的随机量线性相关。针对这个问题,从变量误差(errors-in-variables,EIV)函数模型出发,首先,将系数矩阵和观测向量构成的增广矩阵表示为仿射函数形式,并采用变量投影法对函数模型进行重构;然后,利用拉格朗日法推导出了一种结构总体最小二乘(structured total least squares,STLS)估计算法。算例分析结果表明,该算法与已有能够解决系数矩阵和观测向量存在结构特征的加权或结构总体最小二乘算法估计结果一致,说明了该算法的有效性,同时阐明了该算法与已有相关算法的关系。     

地图投影方法在航空与航天远距离解算中的应用

地球面上两点之间的大圆航线是两点之间的最短距离,虽然球心投影、球面投影等可求取两点间的大圆航线,但局限于半球范围。根据在世界范围内求取两点之间大圆航线的应用需求,提出了以正轴等距离切圆柱投影为地理底图,以同比例尺的横轴等距离切圆柱投影网为辅助工具,通过网格在赤道重合条件下左右移动,调整待求点至某一垂直圈或垂直圈带(相邻两垂直圈之间的地带)的方法,解决了这一问题。通过实例的图解和计算验证,证明本法的正确性,具有广泛的应用价值。     

高原地区不同坐标系及投影面引起的面积误差

讨论了高原地区北京坐标系和地方坐标系的高斯投影及不同高程投影面引起的面积变形,得到了不同高程投影面与高斯面上的面积误差,指出了高原地区面积最接近实际面积的坐标系就是边长变形最小的地方坐标系。     

对立统一在地图学中的体现和意义

辩证法简要地确定为对立统一的学说。文中论述地图投影、地图比例尺、专题制图、地图概括、地图现势性的演化和地图制图过程等地图学中的对立统一问题,说明对立统一在地图学中普遍存在,从而在哲学层面上阐释地图学发展演进的动力机理。