西太平洋副高活动与平流层QBO关系的研究

资料分析表明，西太平洋副高活动有准两年振荡特征，副高的相对强度和副高脊线的纬度位置都清楚地表现出这种振荡。而且分析还表明，平流层低层纬向风的垂直切变同西太平洋副高活动有关，东（西）风切变对应着脊线位置偏北的较强（弱）副高形势。平流层低层东（西）垂直切变在赤道对流层上部所引起的异常上升（下沉）运动，导致Hadley环流的异常加强（减弱）可能是平流层QBO影响西太平洋副高准两年振荡的重要机制。用IAP-GCM所作的数值模拟试验得到了同观测资料分析相一致的结果。     

青藏高原冬季积雪异常对东,南亚夏季风影响的初步数值模拟研究

利用一个耦合了简化的简单生物圈模式的大气环流谱模式（ＳＳｉＢ－ＧＣＭ），初步探讨了青藏高原冬季积雪异常对东、南亚夏季季风环流和降水的影响及其机理。结果表明，高原地区积雪增加将使随后地夏季东、南来季风明显减弱，主要表现为东、南亚季风区降水减少，索马里急流、印度季风的印度西南气流弱弱。另外，还提出欧亚大陆雪盖与整个高原雪盖和高原东部雪盖对东、南亚夏季风影响的敏感问题。与欧亚大陆雪盖相比，高原雪盖是影响     

关于O3层垂直剖面遥感的逆转曲线的数学拟合模式

逆转遥感是当前获得大气O₃层垂直剖面资料的重要方法之一，而逆转曲线的质量对遥感结果的精度至关重要．本文在最小二乘法的基础上，结合逆转曲线的特征，加以适当处理，建立了逆转曲线的拟合数学模式．其性能良好，对研究O₃层垂直剖面的长期演变趋势具有重要意义．     

集合预报及其在中期天气预报中的应用

作者概述了集合预报的基本概念，集合预报中期天气预报中的意义与作用，现有的主要集合预报产品以及集合预报在美国美国国家气象中心和欧洲中期天气预报的业务运行。简要介绍了我国国家气象中心在动力延伸预报和集合预报方面的试验研究情况。     

河南省短期区域性暴雨动力诊断及综合预报方案

介介绍了（１）用Ｔ６３数值预报产品对河南省省６－８月区域性暴雨进行物理量诊断分析。（２）用人工智能研制的河南省６－８月分片大－暴雨短短期自动化预报系统与用Ｔ６３数值预报产品资料采用逐步回归分析法和预测误差平方和最不上准则两种选取回归自变量的方法，建立处分片预报方程的综合判别预报。（３）在１９９５，１９９６年７－８月业务预报中试验结果。     

Pall型摩擦阻尼支撑内力计算方法

从Pall摩擦阻尼器四连杆机构的几何非线性变形特征出发，分析框架位移、支撑刚度、阻尼器摩擦力、阻尼器大小、支撑倾角、支撑屈曲力等对一种改进的Pall摩擦阻尼器-T形芯板摩擦阻尼器支撑的受力特点，拟合出可供设计人员使用的实用计算公式。     

青藏高原影响亚洲夏季气候研究的最新进展

文中回顾了近 10a来吴国雄等在青藏高原影响亚洲夏季气候研究方面的最新进展。通过分析东西风交界面的演变证明 ,由于青藏高原的春季加热 ,亚洲季风区对流层低层冬季盛行偏东风转变为夏季偏西南风最早发生在孟加拉湾东部 ,与其相伴随的激烈对流降水出现在其东面。因此孟加拉湾东部至中印半岛西部是亚洲季风最早爆发的地区。同时也指出盛夏伊朗高原和青藏高原加热所激发的同相环流嵌套在欧亚大陆尺度的热力环流中 ,从而加强了东亚的夏季风 ,加剧了中西亚的干旱 ;并通过其所激发的波动对夏季东亚的气候格局产生重要影响。文中还比较了夏季南亚高压的伊朗模态和青藏模态性质的异同及其对亚洲夏季降水异常分布的不同影响。     

Seasonal Variation of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet and Its Association with the Heating Field over East Asia

The structure and seasonal variation of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet （EAWJ） and associations with heating fields over East Asia are examined by using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. Obvious differences exist in the westerly jet intensity and location in different regions and seasons due to the ocean-land distribution and seasonal thermal contrast, as well as the dynamic and thermodynamic impacts of the Tibetan Plateau. In winter, the EAWJ center is situated over the western Pacific Ocean and the intensity is reduced gradually from east to west over the East Asian region. In summer, the EAWJ center is located over the north of the Tibetan Plateau and the jet intensity is reduced evidently compared with that in winter. The EAWJ seasonal evolution is characterized by the obvious longitudinal inconsistency of the northward migration and in-phase southward retreat of the EAWJ axis. A good correspondence between the seasonal variations of EAWJ and the meridional differences of air temperature （MDT） in the mid-upper troposphere demonstrates that the MDT is the basic reason for the seasonal variation of EAWJ. Correlation analyses indicate that the Kuroshio Current region to the south of Japan and the Tibetan Plateau are the key areas for the variations of the EAWJ intensities in winter and in summer, respectively. The strong sensible and latent heating in the Kuroshio Current region is closely related to the intensification of EAWJ in winter. In summer, strong sensible heating in the Tibetan Plateau corresponds to the EAWJ strengthening and southward shift, while the weak sensible heating in the Tibetan Plateau is consistent with the EAWJ weakening and northward migration.     

Numerical Simulation of Wind and Temperature Fields over Beijing Area in Summer

1. IntroductionThe basic role of urban-rural boundary layer re-search is to study all kinds of physical process changesin the atmosphere boundary layer over urban and itssurrounding areas. Urban heat island (UHI) is a well-known feature of urban-rural climate. Attempts toincrease the understanding of the causes of the UHIand other urban-rural boundary layer phenomena haveused observational, theoretical and modelling methodssince long before. Seaman (1989) used a hydrostaticmodel, with real …     

Testing a statistical curve‐fitting procedure for quantifying sediment populations within multi‐modal particle‐size distributions

This paper describes a series of tests designed to evaluate the capacity of a personal computer (PC) based statistical curve‐fitting program called MIX to quantify composite populations within multi‐modal particle‐size distributions. Three natural soil samples were analysed by a Coulter Multisizer, and their particle‐size distributions analysed using MIX software to identify the modes, standard deviations and proportions of their composite populations. The particle‐size distributions of the three natural soil samples were then numerically combined in equal proportions using a spreadsheet program to create synthetic particle‐size distributions of known populations. MIX was then tested on the synthetic particle‐size distributions to see if the modes and proportions it identified were similar to those modes and proportions known to characterize the synthetic particle‐size distributions. The main outcome is that MIX can very accurately describe the modal particle size and proportions of the major composite populations within a particle‐size distribution. However MIX has difficulty in identifying small populations (those contributing <10 per cent of a total particle‐size distribution), particularly when they are located in the central sections of particle‐size distributions, overlain by larger populations, or when positioned in the fine tails of distributions. Despite these minor shortcomings, MIX is a valuable tool for the examination and interpretation of particle‐size data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.