全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3410篇 |
免费 | 436篇 |
国内免费 | 1191篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 460篇 |
大气科学 | 177篇 |
地球物理 | 396篇 |
地质学 | 3120篇 |
海洋学 | 355篇 |
天文学 | 76篇 |
综合类 | 164篇 |
自然地理 | 289篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 17篇 |
2023年 | 51篇 |
2022年 | 112篇 |
2021年 | 133篇 |
2020年 | 123篇 |
2019年 | 180篇 |
2018年 | 129篇 |
2017年 | 162篇 |
2016年 | 159篇 |
2015年 | 167篇 |
2014年 | 224篇 |
2013年 | 264篇 |
2012年 | 209篇 |
2011年 | 247篇 |
2010年 | 211篇 |
2009年 | 256篇 |
2008年 | 285篇 |
2007年 | 264篇 |
2006年 | 258篇 |
2005年 | 203篇 |
2004年 | 187篇 |
2003年 | 154篇 |
2002年 | 150篇 |
2001年 | 149篇 |
2000年 | 104篇 |
1999年 | 110篇 |
1998年 | 98篇 |
1997年 | 69篇 |
1996年 | 57篇 |
1995年 | 52篇 |
1994年 | 44篇 |
1993年 | 48篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 22篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有5037条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
Laser Ablation ICP-MS Analysis of Geological Materials Prepared as Lithium Borate Glasses 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Stephen M. Eggins 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2003,27(2):147-162
A simple, rapid and precise method is described for determining trace elements by laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS analysis in bulk geological materials that have been prepared as lithium borate glasses following standard procedures for XRF analysis. This approach reliably achieves complete sample digestion and provides for complementary XRF and LA-ICP-MS analysis of a full suite of major and trace elements from a single sample preparation. Highly precise analysis is enabled by rastering an ArF excimer laser (λ= 193nm) across fused samples to deliver a constant sample yield to the mass spectrometer without inter-element fractionation effects during each analysis. Capabilities of the method are demonstrated by determination of twenty five trace elements (Sc, Ti, V, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ba, REE, Hf, Ta, Pb, Th and U) in a diverse range of geological reference materials that includes peridotites, basalts, granites, metamorphic rocks and sediments. More than 90% of determinations are indistinguishable from published reference values at the 95% confidence level. Systematic bias greater than 5% is observed for only a handful of elements (Zr, Nb and U) and may be attributed in part to inaccurate calibration values used for the NIST SRM 612 glass in the case of Zr and Nb. Detection limits for several elements, most notably La, are compromised at ultra-trace levels by impurities in the lithium borate flux but can be corrected for by subtracting appropriate procedural blanks. Reliable Pb analysis has proved problematic due to variable degrees of contamination introduced during sample polishing prior to analysis and from Pt-crucibles previously used to fuse Pb-rich samples. Scope exists for extending the method to include internal standard element/isotope spiking, particularly where integrated XRF analysis is not available to characterise major and trace elements in the fused lithium borate glasses prior to LA-ICP-MS analysis. 相似文献
92.
William J. Chazey III Clive R. Neal Jinesh C. Jain William S. Kinman 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2003,27(2):181-192
The geochemical reference material BHVO-1 was analysed by a variety of techniques over a six year period. These techniques included inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-MS and ICP-AES, respectively), laser ablation ICP-MS and spark source mass spectroscopy. Inconsistencies between the published consensus values reported by Gladney and Roelandts (1988, Geostandards Newsletter) and the results of our study are noted for Rb, Y, Zr, Pb and Th. The values reported here for Rb, Y, Zr and Pb are generally lower, while Th is higher than the consensus value. This is not an analytical artefact unique to the University of Notre Dame ICP-MS facility, as most of the BHVO-1 analyses reported over the last ten to twenty years are in agreement with our results. We propose new consensus values for each of these elements as follows: Rb = 9.3 ± 0.2 μg g-1 (compared to 11 ± 2 μg g-1), Y = 24.4 ± 1.3 μg g-1 (compared to 27.6 ± 1.7 μg g-1), Zr = 172 ± 10 μg g-1 (compared to 179 ± 21 μg g-1), Pb = 2.2 ± 0.2 μg g-1 (compared to 2.6 ± 0.9 μg g-1) and Th = 1.22 ± 0.02 μg g-1 (compared to 1.08 ± 0.15 μg g-1). 相似文献
93.
用Bigg型混合云室对2001年8月黄河上游青海省河南县的地面大气冰核浓度进行了观测,分析发现(1)青海省河南县冰核浓度低于北京20世纪90年代的测值,但高于大连、西安和兰州(20世纪60年代)等地的测值,同时也高于黄河上游的玛曲(2000年)、西宁(1989年)两地的测值,高温核尤其偏高.(2)降水时大气冰核浓度减少,降水的冲刷可能是其主要原因.(3)当地冰核浓度和气压成正相关.(4)大气冰核浓度受风向的影响,无风时测值较小,偏东风时测值较大,高温核浓度增加明显. 相似文献
94.
介绍试用1:33000比例尺航测资料,在JX-3解析测图仪上高倍放大航测1:1000比例尺地形图的成图方案和应采取的技术措施,运用 解析法模型绝对定向的原理,在全野布点时采用两种方案对照比较,进行理论和试验精度的分析,并给出试验结果。 相似文献
95.
本文通过对辽西及邻区中生代盆地火山岩稀土元素配分特征的研究及模拟运算,探讨了其岩浆成因及过程。结果显示南北岩区岩浆成因不同,南岩区岩源为MORB地幔和长期富集型幔熔融混合而成,北岩区为MORB和近期亏损型地幔熔融混合而成。 相似文献
96.
本文提出了用ICP-AES法直接同时测定高纯氧化钇中14个稀土和16个非稀土杂质元素的分析方法,对被测元素的 谱线、氧化钇基本及背景影响进行了研究,用标准加入法测出氧化钇基准中的微量杂质元素,消除了由于忽略基准中的杂质元素含量给高纯氧化钇分析测定带来的误差,同时对工作条件进行了优化。方法中各被测元素的检出限为0.003~1.31ug/g,能够满足生产过程中的质量控制及进出口商品检验 相似文献
97.
采用单道扫描等离子体发射光谱法测定了大洋多金属结核及深海沉积物中的稀土元素与钪,比较了不同功率下各稀土元素的检测限,研究了低功率下的稳定性,拟定了可靠的样品处理方法。方法经多金属结核及深海沉积物国家标准GBW07313、GBW07249分析验证,结果与标准值相符。测定精度(RSD)在13%~53%。已用此法为第2批多金属结核和深海沉积物标准物质提供了定值数据,其结果无剔除值 相似文献
98.
99.
In progressing from a granitoid mylonite to an ultramylonite in the Brevard shear zone in North Carolina, Ca and LOI (H2O) increase, Si, Mg, K, Na, Ba, Sr, Ta, Cs and Th decrease, while changes in Al, Ti, Fe, P, Sc, Rb, REE, Hf, Cr and U are relatively small. A volume loss of 44% is calculated for the Brevard ultramylonite relative to an Al–Ti–Fe isocon. The increase in Ca and LOI is related to a large increase in retrograde epidote and muscovite in the ultramylonite, the decreases in K, Na, Si, Ba and Sr reflect the destruction of feldspars, and the decrease in Mg is related to the destruction of biotite during mylonitization. In an amphibolite facies fault zone separating grey and pink granitic gneisses in the Hope Valley shear zone in New England, compositional similarity suggests the ultramylonite is composed chiefly of the pink gneisses. Utilizing an Al–Ti–Fe isocon for the pink gneisses, Sc, Cr, Hf, Ta, U, Th and M-HREE are relatively unchanged, Si, LOI, K, Mg, Rb, Cs and Ba are enriched, and Ca, Na, P, Sr and LREE are lost during deformation. In contrast to the Brevard mylonite, the Hope Valley mylonite appears to have increased in volume by about 70%, chiefly in response to an introduction of quartz. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of granitoids from both shear zones are LREE-enriched and have prominent negative Eu anomalies. Although REE increase in abundance in the Brevard ultramylonites (reflecting the volume loss), the shape of the REE pattern remains unchanged. In contrast, REE and especially LREE decrease in abundance with increasing deformation of the Hope Valley gneisses. Mass balance calculations indicate that ≥95% of the REE in the Brevard rocks reside in titanite. In contrast, in the Hope Valley rocks only 15–40% of the REE can be accounted for collectively by titanite, apatite and zircon. Possible sites for the remaining REE are allanite, fluorite or grain boundaries. Loss of LREE from the pink gneisses during deformation may have resulted from decreases in allanite and perhaps apatite or by leaching ofy REE from grain boundaries by fluids moving through the shear zone. Among the element ratios most resistant to change during mylonitization in the Brevard shear zone are La/Yb, Eu/Eu*, Sm/Nd, La/Sc, Th/Sc, Th/Yb, Cr/Th, Th/U and Hf/Ta, whereas the most stable ratios in the Hope Valley shear zone are K/Rb, Rb/Cs, Th/U, Eu/Eu*, Th/Sc, Th/Yb, Sm/Nd, Th/Ta, Hf/Ta and Hf/Yb. However, until more trace element data are available from other shear zones, these ratios should not be used alone to identify protoliths of deformed rocks. 相似文献
100.
民和盆地上侏罗统湿型冲积扇沉积 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过岩相特征、粘土矿物分布、早期成岩矿物组合、微量元素等特征的综合分析,认为民和盆地上侏罗统下部为一较典型的湿型冲积扇沉积。冲积扇扇中发育河道冲刷充填和漫流沉积,而泥石流不发育。沉积层序与现代湿型冲积扇可对比。扇体中粘土岩及早期成岩矿物组合中富含高岭石,应与扇体发育时的潮湿气候和弱酸性流体的较强的淋滤有关。由粘土岩中微量元素因子分析进一步表明,该地层中富硼、钒的特征与相邻非扇相地层明显不同 相似文献