The aging of gypsum in underground mines

The aging properties of gypsum extracted from two underground mines in France (Livry–Gargan and Grozon) have been highlighted by means of observation performed using scanning electron microscopy on samples taken along horizontal boreholes drilled through to the middle of several pillars. The aging process is exhibited by the presence of traces of dissolution (edges of the dissolved crystals, corroded crystalline surfaces, important intra- and intercrystalline space). These dissolution figures decrease in number and in intensity from the wall heading towards the middle of the pillar. The “older” pillars display a greater number of dissolution traces than the “more recent” pillars. Then, the role of the aging has been assessed by determining various physical and mechanical parameters on cylindrical samples of 38 mm in diameter and 76 mm in height, machined from the set of drilled boreholes. The following parameters have been quantified: density, grains density, total porosity, porosity accessible to water, intrinsic permeability to nitrogen, velocity of ultrasonic compression and shear waves, dynamic Young's modulus, dynamic Poisson's ratio, uniaxial compressive strength and static Young's modulus. Significant variations in parameter values between the wall and the middle of the pillar were recorded and recognized as being strongly correlated with the intensity of dissolution traces, and hence with gypsum aging.     

Source parameters for the January 1975 Brawley — Imperial valley earthquake swarm

The source parameters, moment, stress drop and source dimension are estimated for 61 events from the January 1975 Brawley earthquake swarm. Earthquakes studied range in local magnitude from 1.0 to 4.7. Stress drops range from 1 to 636 bars and increase with source depth. It is estimated that the sedimentary structure of the Imperial Valley amplifies shear waves by a factor of 2 to 3 in addition to the free surface amplification of 2. Estimates of moment from 10 sec surface waves are 4 to 6 times larger than the moment estimated from the relatively flat part of the local body wave spectrum at 1 sec. This may be due to after-slip on the fault, a long thin fault, or partial stress drop. It is shown that the experimentally determined ratio of stress drop to apparent stress should be approximately 4.0 when spectrum integration is used to obtainS-wave energy and theP-wave energy is 1/3 theS-wave energy.     

估算雨滴谱Γ分布三参数的阶矩法研究

利用2014年8月4—23日山西忻州OTT-Parsivel二代激光雨滴谱仪获得的雨滴谱资料,研究了估算雨滴谱T分布三参数的阶矩法。把降水云分为层状云、积状云、积层混合云三种,采用最小二乘法和阶矩法估算雨滴谱,并在现有阶矩法的研究上,提出一种新矩量组合M036与其他矩量一起分1 min、5 min平均和5 mm滑动平均估算雨滴谱样本的均方根误差和误差谱分布,并进行比较,同时研究了不同降水云雨滴谱三参数随雨强R的变化关系。结果表明:阶矩法估算T分布雨滴谱,M036矩量组合代表雨滴数浓度、液态水含量和雷达反射率因子,三个物理量计算方便,物理意义清晰,实际应用中如能通过探测手段获得三个矩量,就能反演得到云中雨滴谱。阶矩法中M036估算最好;估算三种不同时间雨滴谱样本的均方根误差平均值,M036误差最小;分析三种不同时间雨滴谱样本的均方根误差谱分布,M036谱宽最窄,误差集中;估算三种降水云雨滴谱三参数随雨强R的增大而减少;拟合雨滴谱T分布三参数N_0、μ、λ满足二项式分布且相关系数较好。     

Effect Blasting Excavation of Yujiapeng Tunnel on Stability of Nearby Giant Dangerous Rock Masses (DRM)

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COSMIC与FY-3C掩星电离层反演的比较

利用基于TEC的电子密度廓线反演方法,对2014年12月31日的COSMIC和FY-3C掩星任务的电离层掩星相位数据进行处理,将反演的电子密度廓线及电离层峰值参数分别与两个掩星任务的官方产品进行比较,发现两个掩星任务的反演结果与官方产品均具有较好的一致性.其中COSMIC反演结果与CDAAC官方产品的一致性略好于FY-3C反演结果与NSMC官方产品的一致性,且两个任务的NmF2的反演质量均优于hmF2的反演质量.但与COSMIC不同,FY-3C掩星电离层相位数据进行反演处理之前有必要进行滤波平滑预处理,且由于FY-3C非掩星时段的相位数据量太少,反演过程中不建议对TEC进行改正.     

Variable modified Chaplygin gas and accelerating universe

In this letter, I have proposed a model of variable modified Chaplygin gas and shown its role in accelerating phase of the universe. I have shown that the equation of state of this model is valid from the radiation era to quiessence model. The graphical representations of statefinder parameters characterize different phase of evolution of the universe. All results presented in the letter concerns the case k=0.     

利用星载GPS观测数据确定海洋2A卫星cm级精密轨道

海洋二号B星（Haiyang-2 B,HY2B）是中国海洋动力环境监测的首颗组网卫星,主要用于探测海面高度、海面风场、重力场等多种海洋动力环境参数,高精度卫星轨道是完成上述任务的前提与关键。选取HY2B卫星2021年1月的星载GPS观测数据,从数据完整性与多路径效应两个方面分析了观测质量,采用简化动力学定轨方法进行了精密定轨研究。结果显示,相比海洋二号A星（Haiyang-2 A,HY2A）,搭载同一型号接收机的HY2B卫星伪距多路径误差有所下降;基于国产星载双频GPS接收机可以实现HY2B卫星径向2 cm、三维优于3 cm的定轨精度;同时,验证了相位中心变化（phase center variation,PCV）模型对精密定轨的改进作用。目前的星载GPS数据与定轨方法可以满足高精度海洋测高任务的需求。

     

岩石粘弹性非定常蠕变方程的参数辨识

近年来,由于力学试验手段和技术的迅速发展,岩石的流变试验的研究也取得了极大的进展。在此基础上,不少学者开始着手探索基于试验结果分析来建立非线性的粘弹性本构模型。作者在页岩蠕变试验数据的基础上,分析了岩石粘弹性变形随应力水平不同和时间发展的变化规律。从元件型本构方程出发验证引入非定常参数的必要性。建立了一维情况下非定常粘弹性模型的蠕变方程,通过理论计算结果与试验结果的对比,发现非定常粘弹性模型比定常粘弹性模型更为准确的反映了岩石的粘弹性变形性能。