三频观测量线性组合在北斗导航中的应用

结合我国北斗导航卫星系统的特点,通过对三频数据进行线性最优组合来有效探测和修复各类周跳。应用了5种线性几何无关组合并基于三步法进行周跳探测。对于探测到的不同周跳,通过特定的三频载波相位线性组合进行有效的分辨和修复,最后基于北斗三频实测数据,针对不同电离层延迟变化水平,分别就1 s、15 s、30 s不同采样间隔下的周跳探测和修复能力进行了验证,取得了较优的结果。     

基于GPS-IR的地表土壤湿度估算方法

全球定位系统干涉反射测量（GPS-IR）是一种新型的遥感技术,可用于估算近地表土壤水分含量。本文从多卫星融合角度出发,提出了一种基于多星融合的地表土壤湿度估算方法。首先通过低阶多项式拟合分离出卫星反射信号;然后建立反射信号正弦拟合模型,获取相对延迟相位;最后基于多卫星相对延迟相位建立多元线性回归模型。利用美国板块边界观测计划（PBO）提供的监测数据,对比分析不同建模序列长度的反演效果,从而确定最佳的建模长度。试验结果表明,采用多元线性回归模型可实现多颗卫星的有效融合,运用于土壤湿度估算是可行的。     

面向智能导游的双加权图模型及其路径规划

景区游览线路是游客游览不同景点的有效选择路径。在导航系统中通常结合各景点POI(Point of Interest)和景区路网的路径规划而生成,但是,针对具有一定范围与多出入口的景点(如建筑物类景点),单一的POI坐标描述机制规划产生的游览路径,往往与智能导游应用中实际可行的最优游览路径存在明显差异。本文分析了景点大小、多出入口等特征对景区游览路径规划的影响,提出了顶点和边的权重均可动态选择的景区双加权图模型,突破了单一POI描述机制的限制。同时,讨论了景区双加权图模型的化简、构建方法,并以Dijkstra算法和Prim算法为基础,给出了其最优路径规划求解算法。实验表明,本文模型及其最优路径规划算法所得结果更为优化与合理,具有较少的游览规划距离和更为紧凑的游览过程安排。     

廊坊市南部地区水资源优化配置研究

针对廊坊市的水资源概况,对廊坊市南部地区水资源建立面向可持续发展的区域水资源优化配置模型。综合考虑地表水、地下水、处理后可回用水、外调水等水资源,同时充分考虑社会、经济、环境三个方面效益,运用多目标优化规划方法,确定不同用户的用水效益系数,调用Matlab优化工具箱中的fgoalattain函数对多目标进行求解。从而获得社会、经济、环境协调发展的最佳综合效益,为缓解廊坊市南部地区用水供需矛盾和环境规划提供依据。     

岩溶区内带段划分及其综合定量指标的研究—以淄博市周村区南部岩溶区为例

着重讨论岩溶及隐伏岩溶区内部水文地质带段划分的原则、方法定性定量综合指标。在空间分带的基础上，确定含水层富（透）水性与其顶面埋深标高呈幂函数变化的规律，以及隐伏岩溶区作为供水的最佳勘查地段、深度及范围。     

Structural patterns of land types and optimal allocation of land use in Qinling Mountains

The case study based on Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province of China, in virtue of the information from TM image, classifies the land types and analyzes their spatial and temporal differential law, and puts forward three structural patterns of land types in mountainous areas, namely, spatial, quantitative and qualitative structures of mountainous land types. Furthermore, it has been noticed that the analysis of structural patterns can disclose the heterogeneity and orderliness of combination of land types, which can lay the theoretic foundation for comprehensively recognizing ecological characteristics and succession law of structure and function of land types. After the all-around comparative analysis, an optimal allocation of land use in Qinling Mountains has been put forward according to the principle of sustainable development and landscape ecology, which can lay the scientific foundation in practice for the structural adjustment and distribution optimization from the macro level to micro level.     

洋河水库防洪实时优化调度模型研究

针对河北省洋河水库特点,建立了有模糊约束条件的防洪优化调度模型,提出了含变动罚函数的离散微分动态规划法,给出了模糊防洪库容计算公式。由成果分析表明,所提模型与方法是可行和实用的。     

加权灰色预测模型及其计算实现

鉴于GM(1,1)灰色预测模型中背景值取值方法的不足,引入背景值最佳生成系数,得到新的背景值计算式,从而将GM(1,1)预测模型扩展为加权灰色预测模型--PGM(1,1)预测模型;并对PGM(1,1)预测模型中的最佳生成系数p及灰参数的估计计算进行了详细论述,应用迭代法来确定相应的数值。实例表明,此方法的拟合精度和预测效果均优于GM(1,1)模型。     

Optimal Precursor Perturbations of El Nino in the Zebiak-Cane Model for Different Cost Functions

Optimal precursor perturbations of El Nino in the Zebiak-Cane model were explored for three different cost functions. For the different characteristics of the eastern-Pacific （EP） El Nino and the central-Pacific （CP） El Nino, three cost functions were defined as the sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） evolutions at prediction time in the whole tropical Pacific, the Nino3 area, and the Nino4 area. For all three cost functions, there were two optimal precursors that developed into El Nino events, called Precursor Ⅰ and Precursor Ⅱ. For Precursor Ⅰ, the SSTA component consisted of an east-west （positive-negative） dipole spanning the entire tropical Pacific basin and the thermocline depth anomaly pattern exhibited a tendency of deepening for the whole of the equatorial Pacific. Precursor Ⅰ can develop into an EP-El Nino event, with the warmest SSTA occurring in the eastern tropical Pacific or into a mixed El Nino event that has features between EP-El Nino and CP-El Nino events. For Precursor Ⅱ, the thermocline deepened anomalously in the eastern equatorial Pacific and the amplitude of deepening was obviously larger than that of shoaling in the central and western equatorial Pacific. Precursor Ⅱ developed into a mixed El Nino event. Both the thermocline depth and wind anomaly played important roles in the development of Precursor Ⅰ and Precursor Ⅱ.