耗氧微生物的种类对光化学BOD传感膜性能影响的研究

采用同一制膜方法分别对异常汉逊酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌和恶臭假单胞菌进行等量包埋制备固定化微生物膜,并采用自制的光化学BOD微生物传感器试验了各种膜的响应时间、线性范围、重现性等方面的性能,从而选择性能最佳的耗氧微生物。同时也考察了温度、pH、盐度对不同微生物膜的影响。实验结果表明:以恶臭假单胞菌膜制备的传感膜性能最佳,测定BOD时间低于20 min,方法的重现性及精密度较好,其荧光强度变化速率最大值(dI/dt)的相对标准偏差为2.2%,在BOD值0~80 mg·L-1范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相比之下更适用于BOD的快速检测。     

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Design considerations for using Distributed Acoustic Sensing for cross-well seismics: A case study for CO2 storage

Downhole monitoring with fibre-optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) systems offers unprecedented spatial resolution. At the same time, costs are reduced since repeated wireline surveys can be replaced by the permanent installation of comparatively cheap fibre cables. However, the single component nature of fibre data requires novel approaches when designing a monitoring project such as cross-well seismics. At the example of the shallow CO₂ injection test site in Svelvik, Norway, we model the evolution of velocity changes during CO₂ injection based on rock physics theory. Different cross-well seismic design scenarios are then considered to evaluate the best design and the limits of this method to detect containment breach. We present a series of evaluation tools to compare the effect of different well spacings for cross-well seismic tomography. In addition to travel-times, we also consider characteristic amplitude changes along the fibre unique to DAS strain measurements, which might add a constraint to the inversion. We also compare the effect of using helical fibres instead of classical straight fibres. We thus present a toolbox to evaluate and compare different monitoring design options for fibre optic downhole installations for cross-well monitoring.     

沙尘天气中气溶胶光学特性的时空分布特征

选取内蒙古境内额济纳旗、乌拉特中旗、东胜、朱日和、锡林浩特5个站的几次沙尘天气过程和晴朗天气下CE-318太阳光度计资料,计算出大气气溶胶光学厚度,结合气象资料分析在沙尘天气发生过程中气溶胶光学厚度的时空分布特征。分析结果显示,在沙尘天气发生过程中,气溶胶光学厚度是一个相当敏感的变量,其随沙尘的发生、发展和消亡表现出明显不同的日变化特征,且光学厚度值随着沙尘天气的发生和发展,在其空间分布变化上与沙尘天气本身的空间分布变化具有很好的一致性,可以很好的反映沙尘输送过程。此外气溶胶光学厚度与大气稳定度也有一致的日变化趋势。因此,对于大气气溶胶光学厚度的监测可以为沙尘天气的预报提供较为准确的客观依据。     

区调人物

·区调人物陈克强安徽省青阳县人，１９３５年生，教授级高级工程师。１９５４年毕业于东北地质学院地勘系。先后在地质部中南地质局、重工业部中南地质勘探公司、冶金部湖南冶金地质勘探公司、地矿部区测局、地矿司、直管局、中国地质科学院等单位工作，历任组长、技术负...     

A Feasibility Study on the Application of Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensors for Strain Measurement in the Taiwan Strait Tunnel Project

Taiwan Strait Tunnel (TST) will be an extra-long tunnel or tunnel-bridge complex, running over 150 km of seafloor geologic body with complicated topographic and geologic units. It is therefore necessary to measure and monitor the strain distribution along the TST. In this article, the Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer (BOTDR), a newly developed strain measurement and monitoring technology, is introduced, and the feasibility of its application in the strain monitoring for TST is analyzed through the monitoring achievement with BOTDR of a tunnel located in Nanjing City, China. The results indicate that the BOTDR has many unique merits such as distributed measurement, long-distance, real-time, and resistibility for strain monitoring application in a tunnel such as TST. Finally, apreliminary scheme for BOTDR application in TST monitoring is proposed.     

光纤健康监测方法在土木工程中的研究与应用进展

在土木工程领域，光纤智能健康监测方法是对建筑物或构筑物的健康状况进行检测的一种新方法。本文首先论述了光纤智能健康监测系统的构成，然后对国内外光纤健康监测系统在土木结构中的研究与应用进行了回顾，介绍了光纤传感器的种类、原理、特点和当前应用的状况，重点介绍了光纤位移传感器和布拉格光栅（Bragg grating)应变传感器，最后展望了光纤智能健康监测方法在土木结构中的应用前景。     

埋地生命线管道系统智能监测的初步研究

智能材料在土木工程和防灾减灾工程中的应用是未来土木工程和减灾科学领域发展的重要方向，本文对光纤传感技术在埋地生命线管道系统抗震防灾方面的作用作了初步的研究。对光纤传感器应用于埋地生命线系统中存在的主要问题作了分析，提出了实施埋地生命线系统智能监测的方案。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠中心的沙尘气溶胶观测研究

沙尘气溶胶严重影响中国北方的空气质量,作为一种重要气溶胶并影响区域的辐射平衡。塔克拉玛干沙漠每年释放大量的沙尘气溶胶,而位于塔克拉玛干沙漠中心的塔中站,提供了对沙尘气溶胶的近距离观测。利用该站地面太阳光度计的观测数据分析了沙尘气溶胶的年变化特征,并分析了该站光学厚度、能见度、大气飘尘质量浓度（PM10）和大气总悬浮颗粒物浓度（TSP）之间的相关性。结果显示,气溶胶的440 nm光学厚度在春季最高、秋季最小,440 nm光学厚度与能见度呈现负幂函数关系,TSP与PM10呈现线形相关关系,PM10与能见度呈现负幂函数关系。