Explicit Planktic Calcifiers in the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model,Version 2.9

Marine calcifiers as a plankton functional type (PFT) are a crucial part of the global carbon cycle, being responsible for much of the carbon export to the deep ocean entering via biological pathways. Deep ocean carbon export through calcifiers is controlled by physiological, ecological, and biogeochemical factors. This paper describes the implementation of a calcifying phytoplankton PFT in the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model, version 2.9 (UVic ESCM), and mechanistic improvements to the representation of model carbon export (a full calcite tracer, carbonate chemistry dependent calcite dissolution rates, and a ballasting scheme). An iterative method for stabilizing and tuning the biogeochemistry is furthermore described. The UVic ESCM now fills a niche in Earth system modelling that was previously unoccupied in that it is relatively inexpensive to run, yet resolves the complete Earth system carbon cycle including prognostic calcium carbonate and a separate phytoplankton calcifier PFT. The model is now well suited to testing feedbacks between the carbonate and carbon cycles and the climate system as transient simulations. The modifications described improve the UVic ESCM's mechanistic realism without compromising performance with respect to observed carbon and nutrient fluxes. Primary production, export production, particulate organic carbon, and calcite fluxes all fall within independently observed estimates.     

面向上海城市数字化转型的新型测绘

城市数字化转型、“科学化、精细化、智能化”的城市治理、“新基建”的落地和数字经济的发展都迫切需要空间地理数据向“全域、全息、全空间、多维、高频”推进,实现物理空间的数字孪生。本文结合上海市城市数字化转型对地理信息的新需求,从空天地数据获取手段、全息空间数据内涵、二三维一体的成果形式、泛在测绘更新方法和按需组装服务方式等方面提出了构建以基于地理实体的智能化全息测绘为核心的新型测绘体系,形成了城市数字化转型地理信息新服务的解决方案。     

Loose programming of GIS workflows with geo‐analytical concepts

Loose programming enables analysts to program with concepts instead of procedural code. Data transformations are left underspecified, leaving out procedural details and exploiting knowledge about the applicability of functions to data types. To synthesize workflows of high quality for a geo‐analytical task, the semantic type system needs to reflect knowledge of geographic information systems (GIS) at a level that is deep enough to capture geo‐analytical concepts and intentions, yet shallow enough to generalize over GIS implementations. Recently, core concepts of spatial information and related geo‐analytical concepts were proposed as a way to add the required abstraction level to current geodata models. The core concept data types (CCD) ontology is a semantic type system that can be used to constrain GIS functions for workflow synthesis. However, to date, it is unknown what gain in precision and workflow quality can be expected. In this article we synthesize workflows by annotating GIS tools with these types, specifying a range of common analytical tasks taken from an urban livability scenario. We measure the quality of automatically synthesized workflows against a benchmark generated from common data types. Results show that CCD concepts significantly improve the precision of workflow synthesis.     

开口柔性防护网调控泥石流性能试验研究

柔性防护网是防治泥石流灾害的重要工程措施之一,现有防治结构以闭口防护网形式为主,易发生堵塞且调控能力欠佳。为此,提出一种开口柔性防护网结构,并基于理论分析、物理模型试验开展了开口柔性防护网对泥石流的调控性能研究,推导泥石流速度衰减率、爬升高度和柔性防护网拦挡率的理论公式。结果表明：与闭口柔性防护网结构相比,该结构起到了良好的自清洁作用,且可有效调控泥石流速度峰值;所推导的无量纲理论公式计算结果与物理试验结果具有较好的一致性;速度衰减率、爬升高度和拦挡率主要由相对开口高度、无量纲流深、泥石流相对密度和弗罗德数控制;速度衰减率和拦挡率与相对开口高度呈负相关,与泥石流相对密度呈正相关,爬升高度与相对开口高度、相对密度均呈负相关。上述研究可为开口柔性防护网在泥石流防治工程中的应用提供理论及技术支持。     

沉井下沉过程的运动学特性与下沉控制研究

软土地层中沉井下沉影响机制复杂,现有的理论研究主要基于沉井的受力特性开展下沉分析,沉井下沉过程中的运动学特性缺乏科学系统的阐释。对沉井下沉运动过程进行分析,建立沉井下沉力学模型,推得沉井下沉过程的运动学方程,揭示了沉井下沉的运动学特性和影响机制。并结合实际工程案例验证了该方法的合理性和正确性。研究结果表明,沉井下沉具有典型的下沉加速及下沉减速阶段;沉井下沉施工引起的初始下沉不平衡力F1是影响下沉运动特征的重要因素,也是下沉运动控制的首要因素;调整反映土层及沉井结构特征的参数b1是预防沉井突沉的有效手段。     

全国水利普查空间信息系统的若干关键技术

针对全国水利普查中对象信息获取、数据资源管理、成果质量控制和项目组织实施等主要难题,提出了"基础数据支撑、数据模型先导、智能工具保障、技术管理融合"的总体技术路线,介绍了全国水利普查空间信息系统的面向对象水利数据建模、数字河流获取、规则约束采集处理、多主题数据应用等关键技术。     

基于加测陀螺定向边的井下支导线升级改造

井下平面控制测量网只能以基于支导线的形式沿巷道布设,针对矿山重大贯通工程测量所用的支导线精度满足不了贯通允许偏差的情况,采用陀螺定向技术,研究了井下支导线升级改造的3个方案。首先,加测一条陀螺定向边方案,导线总边数不超过5条时,定向边加测在末边上;否则,定向边由末边开始上移至总边数1/3的位置;其次,加测多条陀螺定向边的多节导线方案,以等距离间隔加测3~4条陀螺定向边为宜;最后,陀螺定向—光电测距导线方案,仅在超长距离或超高精度的矿山贯通工程测量中应用。结合实例计算,升级改造的3个方案与原有支导线比较,导线终点点位精度可依次提高0.5~1.5倍,1.6~4.5倍,3~8倍。     

基于测量机器人的露天矿边坡位移监测系统

随着露天矿的不断开采,矿山边坡处于不稳定状态,严重威胁着矿山人员的安全。为保障安全生产,文章结合鞍山市某露天矿边坡位移监测项目,以TM30测量机器人为研究对象,建立边坡监测系统:由监测网、测量机器人系统、数据处理及预警系统组成,比传统全站仪提高了工作效率。外业测量结果证明该系统能够实现数据采集、数据处理及危险预警的"三位一体"化,达到自动化程度高、数据精度高、工作效率高的"三高"目标。     

Developing interactive geospatial holograms for spatial decision-making

Spatial decision-making in time-critical situations requires effective and usable two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) cartographic products. Holographic displays allow decision makers to work with auto-stereoscopic maps without the hassle of interacting with complex user interfaces or additional vision hardware. Holographic production processes have advanced greatly in a short period and now support timely and full integration of digital 3D models in geospatial holograms. George Mason University’s and Zebra Imaging’s research on interactive holographic motion displays showcases the leadership in moving cartography and geovisualization research in the US forward. In close cooperation with academic researchers, decision makers, and domain experts, the usability and usefulness of these cartographic products is tested and design guidelines for effective geospatial holograms are being developed.     

基于开源WebGIS的上海城市灾害信息系统

利用开源Web GIS架构,设计了高效率、低成本的系统建设方案,并以上海市为例,构建了上海城市灾害信息系统。系统以Map Server为核心,使用Postgre SQL作为后台数据库,具备Web信息发布、空间数据的存储与管理等基本功能,提供了地图服务,可以满足多用户并发访问,并能实现专题地图、查询统计、空间分析与建模、决策支持、制图输出等多种功能。