基于地理本体的空间数据集成方法及其实现

为解决多源空间数据语义集成问题,在已有研究成果基础上,提出了基于地理本体的空间数据集成方法。该方法采用局部本体向标准本体集成的策略,在构建具有公共内涵属性模板的地理本体前提下,通过地理概念语义关系集合运算构建局部本体概念与标准本体概念间的语义映射关系,实现地理本体集成,并以这种语义映射关系及概念与对象类的关联关系为媒介,通过空间数据语义细化和空间对象融合 、分割等过程完成空间数据集成。在此基础上,设计开发了基于地理本体的空间数据集成原型系统,并以某土地利用数据为例进行了实证研究,结果表明:基于地理本体的空间数据集成方法能有效集成具有不同语义的空间数据集。     

The Theses on Feuerbach as a political ecology of the possible

This paper argues that Marx's Theses on Feuerbach offer a tremendous and yet neglected resource for work in political ecology and the production of nature. Whilst not calling for a dramatic shift in the way in which such work is conducted, the paper shows how the Theses offer a firm and concise foundation on which to base the ontological and epistemological claims of work on the politicised environment. Ontologically, nature is a differentiated unity, best understood as sensuous activity or practice. This fits well with Smith's claims that nature is produced, whilst not limiting production to capitalist activity. Environments are thereby made up of everyday activity. Subverting the apparent anthropocentrism of this claim, the paper shows how (as Gramsci recognised) the Theses on Feuerbach have an incipient sense of the socio-natural. Post-humanist critiques of Smith's (humanist) production of nature thesis are thereby disrupted. Production realises a differentiated unity of socio-natural relations. Epistemologically, the paper demonstrates how the Theses push political ecologists to construct knowledge claims from practical activity. An ecological politics thereby emerges from the situated knowledges of different actors. Building on this, the paper argues that Marx's 'notes to himself' give us a sense of possible worlds and possible ecologies beyond the topsy-turvy one we have made in the present. Through the concept of praxis evinced in the Theses , a vision of the engaged scholar activist, committed to learning about the world through changing it (and vice-versa), emerges .     

地质时间本体在异构数据检索中的应用

地质时间是地球科学基础研究的重要内容,在异构数据集和文献中有多种描述方式,其语义异构问题成为影响数据共享与集成的瓶颈之一。本体(Ontology)是共享概念模型的明确的形式化规范说明,可以用来描述数据的语义信息,近年来,被广泛应用于解决语义异构问题。本文以地质时间作为研究对象,分析了地质时间这一特定领域蕴含的基本概念、属性和关系,构建了地质时间的领域本体和OWL的编码表达,并以关系型数据库为例,阐述了地质时间本体的语义映射和翻译机制。该机制能够有效地在W eb环境下为传统数据检索增强语义表达能力,识别地质时间不同表达方式中的等价、包含等隐含关系,实现语义的数据检索。该方法也适用于地球科学其他领域本体的构建和语义翻译,为解决地球科学数据的语义异构问题提供了思路。     

Geography’s “World view”: The ontological issues of geography

Contemporary science philosophy suggests that discussing ontological problems is of fundamental significance broadly within certain specific disciplines. Natural and social science research are inseparable from philosophical guidance; for instance, the philosophy of geography is the ideological basis for geography. The traditional philosophy of geography is methodology-oriented, which primarily emphasizes the “logical structure of geography explanations,” and ignores the discussion of its ontology. This study, in the context of the philosophy of science, explores the relationships between methodology, ontology, and the philosophy of geography, defines the connotations of geographical ontology, analyzes the links and differences between philosophical ontology and scientific ontology of geography, clarifies the nature of geographical ontology, and summaries its theoretical values. The ontology of geography incorporates the philosophically ontological beliefs of geographers and geographical schools and the ontological commitment of the theory of geography. As different geographers hold different philosophical viewpoints, their ontological beliefs are different; one geographical theory asserts an ontological commitment of “what is there,” which determines the nature and types of objectives the theory references. The ontological beliefs of geographers determine their epistemology, methodology, and axiology, and the ontological commitment of a geographical theory is the premise and basis of that theory.     

时空对象行为分类与形式化表达

基于行为驱动的传统时空数据模型只关注时空对象的空间运动行为,忽略了行为对时空对象属性、关系等的改变,导致行为对时空对象的驱动机制研究不足。时空行为是全空间信息系统表达的重要特征之一,为此,本文从以下几个方面阐述了时空对象的行为。首先,本文阐述3行为的定义及将行为作为时空本体的元组的必要性。其次,研究了时空对象行为的复杂性、可继承性及在时态上的延续性等特征。再次,根据行为的作用对象,将时空对象的行为分为空间行为、属性行为、关系行为及复合行为4类行为,并给出了上述4类行为的定义与形式化表达方式。最后,分析了时空本体中时空行为的驱动机制。通过时空行为分类及其在时空本体中的形式化表达研究,为基于行为驱动的时空对象构模奠定了理论基础。     

基于本体的异构空间数据的集成研究

在综合国内外地理信息学术界有关本体理论、方法和应用研究的基础上,改进了基于本体的空间数据集成框架,并进行了试验说明。     

基于大数据的海洋环境监测数据集成与应用

面对多源异构的海量数据的集成,传统的集成方法和技术无法实现,直到大数据技术的出现才有了可能.应用大数据技术实现多源异构的海洋环境监测数据集成,有利于海洋环境监测数据的共享,避免信息孤岛的出现,同时为数据的分析、挖掘等提供了所需的数据.文中重点讨论了基于大数据和数据虚拟化平台技术,参照ODM2信息模型和MMI ORR本体语义框架来实现多源异构的海洋环境监测数据的集成问题,并在数据集成的基础上,探讨了多源异构数据查询、综合展示应用的实现方法.此研究有利于解决海量海洋环境监测数据管理难题、满足海洋环境科研工作者的大数据需求、实现数据驱动决策、提升海洋环境管理水平.     

基于语义的地球物理信息检索模型研究

针对网络上地球物理领域的信息资源复杂多样,而传统的信息检索方法在检索地球物理信息时结果比较片面这一问题,将本体技术与传统信息检索技术相结合,建立了一个基于语义的地球物理信息检索系统模型。研究了地球物理领域的本体特征,并设计建立了本体库;提出了计算地球物理领域本体的语义相似性方法,分析了地球物理爬虫的工作机制;最后编程实现了系统的主体功能,验证了系统模型设计的合理性、可行性。     

整合多源异构的城市规划数据进行认知交流的研究

针对整个城市规划过程的参与者对规划数据的不同种类、不同层次认知需求,本文利用本体思想对包括GIS数据、规划文档、规划图件等多源异构的规划数据进行关系重构,设计本体模型要素的数据语义关系,定义数据间的关联关系,实现基于本体方法的规划领域语义表达算法,方便了各类规划参与者对规划方案认识的交流：同时根据用户特征分类,进行本体关系的逻辑推理,过滤冗余信息,进行多源异构规划数据的可视化。