北极扬马延岛大气边界层高度的气候特征分析

基于1973—2015年间的全球综合无线电探空资料(IGRA),采用总体理查逊数(Bulk Richardson Number)方法,分析了北极扬马延岛43年间的大气边界层高度变化特征,并对其多年月均大气边界层高度变化以及年均大气边界层高度变化进行深入分析探讨。结果显示,扬马延岛白天对流边界层高度高于夜晚稳定边界层高度,夏季多年月均大气边界层高度远低于冬春季节的高度,夏季平均高度仅为262 m,而冬春季节高度在600 m附近。大气边界层高度的变化与地面相对湿度的变化呈现较好的反相关关系。由于受到墨西哥湾暖流的影响,岛屿全年温差较小,夏季的相对湿度较大,导致潜热通量较多,抑制了边界层内的对流过程,造成夏季大气边界层高度较低。此外,其年均高度在1973—1988年间出现波动下降,而后在1988—1995年快速上升,最后于1995—2015年间变化平稳。     

Mineral Deposit Densities for Estimating Mineral Resources

Estimates of numbers of mineral deposits are fundamental to assessing undiscovered mineral resources. Just as frequencies of grades and tonnages of well-explored deposits can be used to represent the grades and tonnages of undiscovered deposits, the density of deposits (deposits/area) in well-explored control areas can serve to represent the number of deposits. Empirical evidence presented here indicates that the processes affecting the number and quantity of resources in geological settings are very general across many types of mineral deposits. For podiform chromite, porphyry copper, and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit types, the size of tract that geologically could contain the deposits is an excellent predictor of the total number of deposits. The number of mineral deposits is also proportional to the type’s size. The total amount of mineralized rock is also proportional to size of the permissive area and the median deposit type’s size. Regressions using these variables provide a means to estimate the density of deposits and the total amount of mineralization. These powerful estimators are based on analysis of ten different types of mineral deposits (Climax Mo, Cuban Mn, Cyprus massive sulfide, Franciscan Mn, kuroko massive sulfide, low-sulfide quartz-Au vein, placer Au, podiform Cr, porphyry Cu, and W vein) from 108 permissive control tracts around the world therefore generalizing across deposit types. Despite the diverse and complex geological settings of deposit types studied here, the relationships observed indicate universal controls on the accumulation and preservation of mineral resources that operate across all scales. The strength of the relationships (R ²=0.91 for density and 0.95 for mineralized rock) argues for their broad use. Deposit densities can now be used to provide a guideline for expert judgment or used directly for estimating the number of most kinds of mineral deposits.     

Combining satellite and seismic images to analyse the shallow structure of the Dead Sea Transform near the DESERT transect

The left-lateral Dead Sea Transform (DST) in the Middle East is one of the largest continental strike-slip faults of the world. The southern segment of the DST in the Arava/Araba Valley between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea, called Arava/Araba Fault (AF), has been studied in detail in the multidisciplinary DESERT (DEad SEa Rift Transect) project. Based on these results, here, the interpretations of multi-spectral (ASTER) satellite images and seismic reflection studies have been combined to analyse geologic structures. Whereas satellite images reveal neotectonic activity in shallow young sediments, reflection seismic image deep faults that are possibly inactive at present. The combination of the two methods allows putting some age constraint on the activity of individual fault strands. Although the AF is clearly the main active fault segment of the southern DST, we propose that it has accommodated only a limited (up to 60 km) part of the overall 105 km of sinistral plate motion since Miocene times. There is evidence for sinistral displacement along other faults, based on geological studies, including satellite image interpretation. Furthermore, a subsurface fault is revealed ≈4 km west of the AF on two ≈E–W running seismic reflection profiles. Whereas these seismic data show a flower structure typical for strike-slip faults, on the satellite image this fault is not expressed in the post-Miocene sediments, implying that it has been inactive for the last few million years. About 1 km to the east of the AF another, now buried fault, was detected in seismic, magnetotelluric and gravity studies of DESERT. Taking together various evidences, we suggest that at the beginning of transform motion deformation occurred in a rather wide belt, possibly with the reactivation of older ≈N–S striking structures. Later, deformation became concentrated in the region of today’s Arava Valley. Till ≈5 Ma ago there might have been other, now inactive fault traces in the vicinity of the present day AF that took up lateral motion. Together with a rearrangement of plates ≈5 Ma ago, the main fault trace shifted then to the position of today’s AF.     

基于GF-1的坑塘信息精确提取方法研究

以国产高分一号2 m全色、8 m多光谱遥感影像作为数据源,选择廊坊市文安县作为研究区域,针对坑塘信息精确提取问题,采用单波段阈值法、监督分类法、面向对象方法等进行实验研究,重点研究了面向对象方法,结合运用遥感影像光谱、纹理、形状等特征,分析坑塘与其他地物之间的差异,最终实现坑塘信息的精确提取。     

一种矢量线数据零水印算法

为了满足矢量地理空间数据高精度和零扰动的实用性需要,该文提出一种零水印算法。首先利用Logistic混沌映射置乱原始水印图像;然后对原始矢量线数据进行离散傅里叶变换,获得离散傅里叶变换后的相位值,并将相位值由弧度值转换为角度值;接着随机选取均匀分布的角度值,向下取整后转换为相应的二进制形式,得到二值矩阵;最后将置乱后的水印图像与由相位值构成的二值矩阵进行异或操作,从而构造出零水印图像。实验结果表明,该算法能够抵抗常见的平移、缩放等几何攻击,并且对数据格式转换攻击、投影变换攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

河南省冰雹短期预报方法研究

利用1999—2010年共45个冰雹日个例(全省同一天有≥2站出现冰雹),分析冰雹日高低空、地面形势特征和降雹落区,发现降雹与500 h Pa环流形势关系密切。因此依据冰雹日08时500 h Pa高空形势及对流层低层的特点,将河南省冰雹天气形势划分为西北气流型、东北冷涡型、华北冷涡型及低槽型4个天气类型,并依据不同的天气类型给出可能发生冰雹的大致落区。由于冰雹的形成除有利的天气形势背景条件外,还必须具备低层水汽辐合、大气不稳定层结、触发机制3个基本条件,因此本文进一步对河南省冰雹日当日500 h Pa低槽低涡位置、地面冷锋位置、地面温度、露点温度、探空资料等进行分月统计,获得冰雹预报的判别指标。基于以上条件,引进中国科学院大气物理研究所研发的完全弹性三维冰雹云模式,依据河南省内及周边的共7个探空站资料制作河南省的区域客观预报。通过4个月的业务应用,发现利用micaps实时资料并结合三维冰雹云模式来预报河南省的冰雹天气,空报率较高,漏报率较低,提高了冰雹的预报时效,为重点防雹作业区争取到了充分的作业准备时间。     

电偶源频率电磁测深二维层状模型参数化反演

本文在大地电磁测深松弛（ｒａｐｉｄ）反演理论方法的基础上，探讨了电偶源频率电磁测深（赤道装置）阻抗视电阻率的二维反演问题。由二维层状模型反演目标函数的近似简化出发。将全剖面的二维反演约化为沿剖面各测点的逐一测点一维反演，从而构制了一个简易可行的二维层状模型参数化反演方案。反演试验表明，这一反演方法是实用和有效的     

地形表面反射强度的数学层析成像方法

若二维ＲＦ窄波反射函数是定义在地面一圆形区域内部的，并假定该圆域表面介质是弱反射介质，那么在给定时刻，接收发射器（如机载合成孔径雷达）所接收到的近回数据可视 过该圆域的一圆弧上的线积分值，Ｍｕｍｓｏｎ，ｅｔ，ａｌ。在假定圆域半径与接收发射器运动路径到该圆域中心的距离相比很小的情况，用直线上的线积分值来代替圆弧线上的线积分值，利用古典的Ｒａｄｏｎ变换方法，给出了该圆域反射函数的成像模式。本文将克服这     

一种二度体单一界面的空间域重力迭代反演方法

对二度体单一密度界面的空间域求解提出了一种改进的迭代反演方法。通过详细的改正求得深部重力异常。     

具一维无公度调制的安康矿的晶体结构测定

安康矿是在陕西省安康石梯重晶石矿床中发现的一种新矿物。分子式近于Ba_(1·2)(Ti_(5·3)V_(2.8))_(8.1)O_(16),沿C轴具一维无公度调制结构,调制波向量为q=1/2.30C。安康矿的平均结构与锰钡矿是等结构。空间群为14/m,a=10.139(4);b=2.961(2),Z=1。平均结构的强度数据收集是在cAD-4衍射仪上进行的。R=0.039(535个独立的衍射点)。安康矿的超晶胞是将其亚晶胞加大14倍而获得的,空间群P4/m,a=10.126(4),c=41.41(2),Z=14。用RIGAKU的RASA-ⅡS型衍射仪收集了8696个独立的衍射点,其中包括主衍射点及卫星衍射点。对于2353个可观察点经结构修正后R因子为0.2157。在四方柱孔道中测得了Ba原子的占位及位移。测定表明安康矿属占位调制及位移调制的复合型无公度调制,而且沿c轴方向为方波调制。