振动台试验模型地震反应的HHT研究

Hilbert-Huang Transform(HHT)是一种新的适用于非线性、非平稳信号,且具有自适应性的数据处理方法．本文简要介绍了一座45层钢筋混凝土框架结构及其振动台试验模型概况. 利用HHT分析了模型结构在不同烈度地震中的反应记录,得到了Hilbert时频幅值三维分布和Hilbert边际谱．Hilbert谱得到记录能量集中分布的频段与时间范围,捕捉到信号变化的主要特征. Hilbert边际谱曲线形状和峰值频率值随着地震烈度的升级而发生了相应变化,而且所有的结果图形体现出相同的规律性,预示着Hilbert边际谱在土木工程结构安全评价中的应用前景．      

重磁3D物性反演技术在金属矿勘探中的应用

解反演问题是地球物理资料处理解释的主要环节.反演就是依据已获得异常特征,结合地质和其他资料,求解地下源体的空间位置、形状及物性特征参数.随着对地质体全方位精细结构研究要求的提高,重磁等反演技术已发展到3D反演阶段.重磁反演主要有两种方法,即形态反演(建立场源模型形态单元)和物性反演(构建物性模型单元).在物性模型构建中...     

宝昌火山盆地骆驼山地区781矿点铀矿化 三维模型与定位预测

宝昌火山盆地骆驼山地区781矿点位于燕辽构造岩浆活动带西段,是著名燕辽铀成矿带内新近勘查发现的重要矿化区之一。通过对矿区73个钻孔、地形、地层及剖面资料的综合研究,利用Surpac三维软件首次建立了781矿点铀矿化的可视化三维模型,直观地显示了地形、地层、构造、矿体的空间变化特征。地层、构造及矿体三维模型联合研究表明,新识别出的Fa隐伏断裂是最直接的导矿构造和控矿构造,上侏罗统玛尼吐组火山地层为重要含矿层和铀源层。掌握781矿点关键控矿因素,结合矿体空间赋存、分布规律等研究结果,利用Surpac软件在深部定位预测找矿靶区Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区,其具有较精确的空间三维坐标,对深部找矿具有重要指导意义。     

Chronology of landscape evolution and soil development in the upper Flinders River area,Queensland, based on isotopic dating of Cainozoic basalts

Victorian granites containing more than 750 ppm Ba are almost entirely confined to the region between a line from Geelong to Swan Hill and the Wonnangatta Fault Zone. Granite Ba contents normalised to 70% SiO₂ range from 620 to 733 ppm in western Victoria, 719 to 1560 ppm in central Victoria and 493 to 689 ppm in eastern Victoria. Melting of Ba-rich (meta)sedimentary rocks in the lower – middle crust is implicated in the petrogenesis of central Victorian S types, at least. Thus, granite geochemistry supports the concept of some sort of (largely concealed) Ba-rich Selwyn Block beneath central Victoria, although the boundaries that have been proposed for the block are modified here. There is a strong possibility that the Selwyn Block is an exotic terrane emplaced by northwest-directed strike-slip movement during the Bindian Orogeny. Such movement appears to have been controlled by the previously postulated Baragwanath Transform and another fundamental fault here called the Ulrich Transform. Asthenospheric upwelling related to movement on the Ulrich and Baragwanath Transforms may be the explanation for the twin belts of 400 Ma plutonism occurring to the west of the former and to the east of the latter. The southern extension of the Ulrich Transform may be the Tamar – Tiers structure in Tasmania. Plate-tectonic models suggesting Ordovician – Silurian subduction in Victoria need to be carefully revisited given the possibility of Siluro-Devonian exotic terrane emplacement.     

化探中痕量银的测定

对电感耦合等离子体质谱法与一米光栅发射光谱法在化探样品中的痕量银测定进行对比,实验表明,两种方法都具有高精密度和准确度,检出限也符合区域化探的要求,但是在大批量的化探测定及多元素同时测定方面,质谱法操作简单、快速、准确、成本低,优于一米光栅发射光谱法,更适合应用于批量化探样品中银的测定。     

Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Variations in the Near-surface Soil Freezing Days across China, 1956-2006

Using surface soil daily minimum temperature from 845 meteorological stations across China, the long-term (1971-2000) mean and spatial distribution of the near-surface soil freezing days were estimated with annual values of the number of near surface soil freezing days. The time series for the number of freezing days were constructed and compared with air temperatures in the same period.Resultsshowed that long term mean value in the number of the near surface soil freezing days increased with the increasing latitudes and altitudes over China. Near-surface soils were frozen for more than 200 days in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, northern Xinjiang and northeast of China. The boundaries of permafrost zones coincide with the contour of (220±10) days of near-surface soil freezing. Using the mean number of 15 days of near-surface soil freezing as criterion, we found that the southern boundary of seasonally frozen ground is around the 25°N line, and the regions south of 22°N are essentially unfrozen regions. The time series of the number of freezing days showed a significant linear trend with change with a slope of -0.22days/year over a period from 1956 through 2006. After the 1990s, the linear slope was up to -1.02 days / year, indicating that the rate of decrease in the number of near-surface soil freezing days has accelerated. Changes in the number of near surface soil freezing were in a negative correlation with air temperature, i.e., the number of near-surface soil freezing days decreases with increase in air temperature.Backgroundcolor represents the contour values of the departure of near-surface soil freezing days from the 1971-2000 mean; Black dashed line is the boundary of permafrost regions, red dashed line is the boundary between frozen and unfrozen ground regions in China     

数字滑坡技术及其应用

“数字滑坡”技术,就是以遥感（RS）和空间定位方法为主,结合其他勘探、试验、调查手段获取数字形式的、与地理坐标配准的滑坡基本信息;并利用GIS技术存贮和管理这些数字信息;在此基础上,根据滑坡地学原理进行空间分析,研制各类模型,并服务于滑坡调查、监测、研究、滑坡灾害评价、危险预测、灾情评估、滑坡防治等。通过金龙山三维数字模型,卫星监测易贡滑坡、三峡库区重点城镇滑坡及千将坪滑坡等地的遥感调查说明数字滑坡技术的实际应用。     

1998年冬季南海环流的三维结构

利用1998年11月28日至12月27日南海的调查资料,采用三维海流诊断模式,计算了冬季南海三维海流,所得结果如下:(1)冬季南海环流系统方面:1)南海北部,在吕宋西北海域分别存在一个气旋式、反气旋式涡.2)南海中部,在越南近岸存在较强的、南向的西边界射流.其以东海域出现较强的气旋式环流.南海中部东侧海域存在一个较弱的反气旋式环流.3)南海南部,一般流速较弱.在112°E以西受反气旋式环流所控制,加里曼丹岛西北海域存在气旋性环流.由于受调查海域所限,这两个环流只部分出现.(2)上述环流系统与200 m层水平温度、密度分布对应较好.(3)南海冬季环流垂向速度分布方面:1)表层,南海北部,在吕宋西北为范围较大的上升流海区.而在东沙群岛附近海域出现了下降流.海南岛以南及东南海域也存在下降流.南海中部,越南以东海域出现范围较大的下降流,其以东为上升流海域,而在巴拉望岛西北海域又出现下降流.南海南部,基本上被上升流海域所控制.2)次表层与表层不同,例如在次表层,海南岛东南部海域出现上升流.中层和深层垂向速度分布与次表层相似.(4)关于南海垂向速度分量分布的动力原因:在表层,风应力旋度场起着主要作用;在次表层,β效应与斜压场相互作用是重要的动力因子,而风应力旋度场和β效应与正压场相互作用也有一定影响;在南海中部等区域的中层以及在南海的深层,主要受B效应与斜压场相互作用和B效应与正压场相互作用的共同作用.     

地层适应性盾构模型试验设计方法初探

盾构法施工已经广泛应用于城市地铁隧道、越江通道和地下管道等工程施工中,但是与不断改进的隧道施工技术相比,现有的盾构机设计理论尚不具有很好的地层适应性。为了改进盾构地层适应性设计理论和方法,有必要开展土体－盾构系统的基础试验研究。在此过程中,不可能将全部参数方案都作成样机一一通过现场对比试验来选定,这就需要利用模型试验来预测实物的性能。为此,需要建立模型试验的条件和被预测的实物所处的条件之间的某种关系,相似理论正是起到一种联系桥梁的作用。根据相似理论和模型试验方法,建立了土体-盾构机器之间的相似系统,并针对上海地区特定的软土地层,进行了相似模型试验方法的设计,即利用直径400 mm模型盾构机来模拟直径为6 340 mm原型盾构机,通过在人工配制的模型土壤中进行模拟掘进,记录下试验过程中盾构机及土体变形的有关试验参数,并据此形成盾构机的工作参数和地层物理力学特性之间的地层适应性理论。