松南地区构造-地层层序与盆地演化

松南地区地跨兴蒙-吉黑褶皱带、华北板块及其北缘增生带等大地构造单元,主要发育一系列晚中生代小规模断陷沉积盆地,这些断陷盆地具有“多阶段演化和后期强烈改造”特征,目前已在彰武、昌图、茫汉等断陷发现了油气田。如何认识这些强烈改造断陷的含油气潜力、持续拓展油气发现是目前油气勘探研究的重点,剖析其构造-地层层序,解析盆地演化历史,是深入认识地区的油气地质条件、开展油气资源预测的重要基础。本文基于研究区最新的探井和地震资料,并结合周缘1:250 000区域地质填图成果,建立研究区内的地层系统;依据区域不整合面的发育特征,划分构造-地层层序与盆地演化阶段,探讨盆地形成历史。研究认为,松南地区的沉积盆地主要是在环太平洋构造体制的控制下发育的;发育下白垩统义县组底部、下白垩统泉头组底部、上白垩统四方台组底部等3个区域性不整合面,据此划分出基底构造层、断陷构造层、坳陷构造层、盆地反转构造层等四套构造-地层层序;相应地,松南地区经历了基底形成期、早白垩世断陷期、早白垩世末-晚白垩世坳陷期、晚白垩世末盆地反转期等四个盆地演化阶段;松南地区构造演化控制了区内含油气系统的发育与油气分布规律,下白垩统断陷构造层是目前勘探的主要目的层,油气地质条件优越,具有较好的油气勘探前景。     

应用精细油藏描述技术实现S3区可持续发展

对S3区开展的精细油藏描述,发现由于储层胶结性差、埋深浅、笼统注采以及防砂措施不配套等因素影响,整个区块出现储量动用不均衡,原开发方式已经不适应油藏的开发形式的需要。在油藏开发调整中,进行平面开发区域的合理划分与重组。针对不同区域储层特征、沉积特点、水驱开发特征、现有井网完整程度和剩余油分布状况,对不同区域采用适合的开发方式,实现在同一区块采用多元的开发方式进行整体二次开发,使该区块生产能力得到改善。     

兴隆场构造油气地质及地表化探异常特征

兴隆场构造位于富顺县境内,为一简单而完整的穹隆状背斜,在其背斜构造两翼、轴部及扭曲部位发育同期断层。构造油气储层类型以嘉陵江组储层的裂缝型油气藏为主,其次有裂隙—孔隙型、孔隙型和裂缝一溶蚀孔洞型等。运用烃类、后生碳酸盐、吸附相态汞、二价铁和电导率等化探新方法,获得化探异常特征,结合构造特征,表明兴隆场构造油气富气范围为嘉陵江组一段顶界－７００ｍ以上的高部位地段。     

海洋溢油与烃渗漏的光学遥感研究进展

海洋溢油与烃渗漏是资源与环境遥感关注的重要方向之一。光学遥感在该领域的理论与应用研究表明:(1)光学遥感探测的分类目标已经明确,即溢油污染形成的海面油膜、黑色浮油与油水混合物,海底烃渗漏形成的海面油膜与近海表大气碳氢化合物气体异常;(2)这些目标对入射光具有不同的光学作用过程(如反射、吸收、散射、干涉等),会产生不同的光学响应特征,是光学遥感识别、分类与定量估算的理论基础;(3)在实际应用中,目标介质面(不同类型、折射率与粗糙度的油面与海面)的菲涅尔反射差异,有利于目标探测的同时,也给目标识别分类与定量估算带来诸多不确定性影响。光学遥感技术在本领域的应用特点与优势逐渐清晰,但依然面临巨大的挑战,今后的研究趋势也主要集中于以下几个方面:光学传感器的可探测性,典型目标的光学响应特征,定量遥感模型与参数查找表,目标的光谱与空间尺度响应,实地测量等。随着研究的深入,光学遥感技术必能以新的视角为海洋溢油与烃渗漏目标的实时监测、识别分类与定量评估提供更好的解决方案。     

基于工业无线网络WIA技术的储油罐监测系统

在分析现有的储油罐区监测技术的基础上,提出了一个基于工业无线网络WIA技术的储油罐监测系统方案,详细介绍了该方案的系统运行原理、系统结构及系统功能.     

Oil palm expansion in Cameroon: Insights into sustainability opportunities and challenges in Africa

Oil palm production expanded 1.2 million hectares in sub-Saharan Africa since 1990, with expansion accelerating in several heavily forested countries since 2000. Despite a narrative of expansion driven by multinational corporations, we provide evidence of a dynamic non-industrial oil palm production sector linked to a burgeoning informal milling enterprise. Surveys were conducted with oil palm farmers in Cameroon (n = 546), the third largest palm oil producer on the continent with the greatest amount of deforestation due to recent expansion, to determine who is expanding into forest. Seventy-three percent of survey respondents reported clearing forest, the magnitude of which was explained by differences in milling strategies and supply chain integration. Large-scale, non-industrial producers played a disproportionate role in deforestation, many of which were engaged in informal supply chains through the use of non-industrial mills. Farms associated with more clearing tended to use high-yielding seedlings. Even the highest yielding farms, however, averaged only 7.7 tons fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, well below the potential 20 tons FFBs ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ yield for Cameroon. We also found a strong relationship between deforestation and land claims. Most farms claimed ownership of their land, although only 5% had official land titles. Conservation challenges in the region arise from land tenure laws that incentivize forest clearing. This study sheds light on the role of informal supply chains in deforestation and highlights the need for strict implementation and enforcement of land use zoning policies.     

雷电对石油气站的危害及预防措施

从雷电的基本特性及雷电对石油气、库的危害分析入手,介绍了防雷措施的主要技术要求,采取合理、安全可靠的措施来防止油库雷击事故的发生。     

ZJ15D型石油钻机井架的瞬态响应研究

传统上通过静力,或者利用最大设计钩载乘以动载系数代替动载荷的研究方法对石油井架进行结构分析已经不符合现场石油井架在复杂时间载荷作用下的真实动态响应情况,尤其在起下钻和钻进时,井架要承受瞬态冲击、钻机振动等随时间变化的载荷作用。本文运用时间历程方法,通过模拟井架钻井时的典型工况,结合大型有限元ANSYS软件,对大庆油田普遍采用的ZJ15D型石油钻机井架进行了动态响应计算,得出了：在瞬时冲击下,井架动力响应的产生存立柱轴向、井架侧向和前开口方向具有同时性,但最大值出现的时刻不同;严重冲击载荷作用下,井架顶部开口响应最为强烈,危险时位移可达4cm等结论。结论对井架结构设计、油田安全钻井和延长井架使用寿命具有现实意义。     

试论复杂地质体的油气地震勘探

论述了我国油气勘探工作中反射地震的发展历程,指出地震勘探中信噪比与分辨率之间的矛盾,针对中国前新生代海相残留盆地具有埋藏深、演化历史长、经受地质作用多,以致地表和地下条件都很复杂的特点,〖HT5”H〗提出了复杂地质体油气地震勘探的理念和方法途径〖HT5”K〗.我国油气资源多存储于复杂地质体如生物礁、鲕滩、风化壳、古潜山等储集体之中.不能完全搬用陆相油气勘探的经验.应在活动论大地构造理论指导下,根据“区域约束局部,深层制约浅层”的勘探经验,探索测区的时空演化规律,设计复杂地质体的观测系统,采取高密度连续采集技术,获取反射地震资料,再进行高分辨率与高信噪比的处理,从而使地震采集、处理与解释一体化,减轻山地采集困难,获取深部成像资料,在新的高度上寻找在复杂地质体中的油气资源.使地震勘探能在中国油气二次创业中发挥重要作用.     

Geologic characteristics,controlling factors and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms of China’s Large Gas Provinces of low porosity and permeability

Based on the analysis of the geological characteristics and controlling factors, we analyzed the formation mechanism of different types of gas reservoirs. The main characteristics of gas provinces with low porosity and permeability are mainly as follows: large area, low abundance, small gas pools and large gas provinces; widely distributed excellent hydrocarbon source rocks with closely contacted source-reservoir-cap association; development mainly in large continental depressions or in paralic shallow-river delta systems; many kinds of traps coexisting in large areas, dominantly para-layered lithologic, digenetic and capillary pressure traps; double fluid flow mechanisms of Darcy flow and non-Darcy flow; complicated gas and water relations; and having the resource distribution of highly productive “sweet spots”, banding concentration, and macroscopically large areas integrated. The main controlling factors of large sandstone gas provinces with low porosity and permeability are stable dynamic backgrounds and gentle structural frameworks which control the extensive distribution of alternate (interbedded) sandstones and mudstones; weak hydropower of large gentle lake basins controlling the formation of discontinuous, low porosity and permeability reservoirs in shallow-water deltas; regionally differential diagenesis and no homogeneous digenetic facies controlling the development of favorable reservoirs and digenetic traps; and weak and dispersive reservoir-forming dynamic forces leading to the widely distributed small traps with low abundance. Low porosity and permeability gas provinces with different trap types have different formation mechanisms which include fluid diversion pressure difference interactive mechanism of lithologic-trap gas accumulations, separated differential collection mechanism of digenetic-trap gas accumulations, and the Non-Darcy flow mechanism of capillary-pressure gas accumulations. Supported by PetroChina Science and Technology Project (Grant No. 07-01C-01-07) and Youth Innovation Fund Project (Grant Nos. 10100042KT96, 07-06D-01-04-01-03)