A Whitecap Coverage Model Based on the Surface Slope For Criterion of Wave Breaking

Using the limit surface slope as a criterion of wave breaking,a simple model for estimatingthe spatial fraction of breaking surface of sea at an instant,which is regarded as the whitecap coverge inthis paper,is analytically derived from the probability density of surface slope based on Gaussianstatistics.The resulting fraction is found depending on the fourth moment of wave spectum,m_4,as well asthe critical threshold of surface slope.By expressing the fourth moment in terms of the Neumannspectrum,a formula linking the fraction and wind speed for fully developed sea states is obtianed.Anotherformula relating the fraction to both wind speed and fetch(or duration)is achieved by expressing m_4 interms of the Krylov spectrum and applying the empirical relationships used in the SMB ocean wave pre-dicting technique.A comparison between these results and the field data of whitecap coverage collected byMonahan and O＇Muircheartuigh shows an encouraging agreement.     

Textural evolution in the transition from subsolidus annealing to melting process, Velay Dome, French Massif Central

Petrographic analysis is a useful, but underused tool to aid in distinguishing between subsolidus and anatetic-related textures in migmatites. This study focuses on assessing the relative contributions of these two processes in the development of migmatitic orthogneiss textures in the Velay Massif, French Massif Central. The results of this study show that subsolidus processes are more important in the development of migmatitic textures in the orthogneiss than anatectic leucosome development. Four textural stages are identified from the mylonitic non-anatectic orthogneiss, annealed, migmatitic orthogneiss to diatexite. The monomineralic K-feldspar and plagioclase–muscovite banding was transformed with increasing temperature to polymineralic plagioclase–quartz–muscovite and K-feldspar–quartz–muscovite layers by the wetting of feldspar boundaries during heterogeneous nucleation of quartz from a fluid phase at high surface energy triple points. A further increase of temperature led to the growth of K-feldspar probably related to production of small amounts of melt in plagioclase rich aggregates, controlled by muscovite abundance. Solid state annealing processes in conjunction with incipient anatexis resulted in the formation of apparent granitic-like textures in plagioclase dominated aggregates. By contrast, in K-feldspar dominated aggregates exclusively subsolidus processes prevail, leading to the development of coarse grained leucosome. With the onset of biotite dehydration melting the plagioclase-dominated aggregates are destroyed by the melt whereas the K-feldspar aggregates may be preserved.     

地球气测量的若干问题

从分析测试的角度,就影响地球气测量新技术推广应用的原因进行了讨论.认为集气材料的纯度和分析测试中使用试剂的纯度,以及在野外采气作业与室内分析时可能引起的污染是影响这一技术推广的关键所在.     

稳态瑞利波法在中国的应用及进展

采用电磁震源的稳态瑞利波法在我国应用已有近10年的历史,是我国应用最早的面波勘探方法。近10年来,通过理论和试验两方面的研究,在资料采集、处理和解释方面都取得了显著进展;确定"拐点"和"之字型"异常为D-_vR曲线上地层界面的两种基本异常形态;根据单条曲线的形态,可以确定洞穴、裂隙、松软带等地质异常的基本类型;并获得了深达一二百米以上的实测资料。稳态瑞利波法成功地应用到许多大、中、小型工程项目之中,解决了一些复杂的工程地质问题,在勘探深度、解释精度和空洞判断准确率方面都达到了较高水平。稳态法所具有的优势是其它类似物探方法包括目前的瞬态面波法很难比拟的。可以预见,随着稳态和瞬态方法、仪器的发展,两者互相促进,互为补充,必将进一步提高瑞利面波勘探的水平和解决各种复杂地质问题的能力。      

潍河流域下游地表污水对地下水水质影响的状态分析

为了准确地建立莱洲湾南岸地区虞河段地表水与地下水污染质运移的数学模型,本文对研究区地下水及地表水污染特征及其污染现状进行了调查、分析,为地下水资源的合理利用开发提供了依据。     

YCOⅡ型岩心定向钻具

分析了岩心定向钻具的作用和应用前景,介绍了ＹＣＣ－Ⅱ型岩心室向钻具的工作原理及性能特点,并就其工业性生产应用作了总结与分析。     

非平衡态大气热力学的研究

要挟了建立非平衡态大气热力学的必要怀和迫切性。并在考虑到大气系统是以湍涡为基本单元,具有气压梯度力,重力和Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ力的地球大气宏观体系的基础上,直接引入大气动力主程组,建立了非平衡态大气热力学的熵平衡方程。     

重力仪的现状及发展

根据最近的英文文献,综述了世界上重力仪的现状及的发展,介绍了一种新型的数字式超级重力仪,以及重力仪的一个新的设计思想-─应用绝对标度测量相对重力.     

关于山东省海滨旅游区旅游开发之思考

山东省海滨旅游区由于长期未有实现在宏观调控下的全区域整体规划和开发,导致旅游资源优势迟迟不能转化为经济优势,加之各地市目标市场的单一性和趋同性,不驻引发了内部竞争,而且在亚洲金融危机冲击下明显暴露了旅游产业的脆弱性。为此作者在分析该区发展旅游业的五大优势条件和不利因素基础上,提出了发展旅游业的基本构想。     

Equations of state of magnesium silicates anhydrous B and superhydrous B

High-pressure single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments of phase anhydrous B and superhydrous B have been carried out to 7.3 and 7.7?GPa, respectively, at room temperature. Fitting a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state to the P-V data yields values of V ₀?=?838.86?±?0.04?ų, K_T,0?=?151.5?±?0.9?GPa and K′?=?5.5?±?0.3 for Anhy-B and V ₀?=?624.71?± 0.03?ų, K_T,0?=?142.6?±?0.8?GPa and K′?=?5.8?±?0.2 for Shy-B. A similar analysis of the axial compressibilities in Anhy-B reveals that the c-axis is most compressible (K_c?=?137?±?3?GPa), the b-axis is least compressible (K_b?=?175?±?4?GPa), and the a-axis is intermediate (K_a?=?148?±?1?GPa). In Shy-B, the a-axis is most compressible (K_a?=?135?±?1?GPa), followed by the b- and c-axes which have similar compressibilities (K_b?=?146?±?3?GPa; K_c?=?148?±?3?GPa). The fact that the b-axis of Shy-B is approximately 16% more compressible than Anhy-B is primarily due to differences in the O-T layer in which the H atoms are located and the linkages with the adjacent O layers. The rigid edge-sharing chains of MgO₆ and SiO₆ octahedra in the O layer control compressibility along the a- and c-axes in both structures. The net result is a reduction in the overall anisotropic compression from ～22% in Anhy-B to ～9% in Shy-B.