中国大陆主要地质构造单元岩石圈地热特征

根据中国大陆的800余个大地热流值数据，作者研究了中国大陆主要地质构造单元的地热特征。中国大陆热流的空间分布以及其他岩石圈热状态参数均表现出明显的横向变化；这些特征源于太平洋板块俯冲和印度-亚洲碰撞导致的新生代构造热活动。中国大陆各构造单元的地壳生热率亦表现出横向非均匀性，这意味着各构造单元的地壳平均成分存在显著的横向变化。研究表明，各主要构造单元的地壳力学强度和地震活动性均受其地热特征的影响。     

海湾扇贝种贝人工促熟条件下积温和性腺发育周期的关系

以"中科红"海湾扇贝为种贝,研究了在人工促熟条件下其性腺发育各期的特点,分析了积温和性腺指数的函数关系.实验结果表明,性腺发育在生物学零度6.6℃以下时,为休止期;水温14℃,积温171℃,性腺指数8.59,发育到增殖期;水温15℃,积温216℃,性腺指数11.49,为生长期;水温17℃,积温267℃,性腺指数15.85,达到成熟期;水温21℃,积温达446℃,性腺指数达17.99,为排放期,同时也对影响性腺发育的因子等进行了讨论.     

瞬变电磁接收装置对浅层探测的畸变分析与数值剔除

从理论上对瞬变电磁系统的接收装置频率特性进行分析,得出了瞬变信号在早期发生畸变的根本原因,揭示出接收装置在发射电流关断期间和电流关断后对一次场和二次场的影响关系,给出基于导电球体模型下接收装置的谐振频率与最小取样时间的关系图,进而讨论了接收装置对浅层目标体探测的影响.当瞬变电磁测量系统在电流关断开始时刻记录全程瞬变响应和发射电流波形时,如果接收装置的位置和谐振频率已知,就可以通过数值计算方法从根本上剔除接收装置对早期瞬变信号的影响,即使接收装置存在过渡过程,也同样可以实现近地表浅层的探测,从而缩短瞬变电磁法的浅层勘探盲区,提高近地表的探测分辨率和精度.     

THE EFFECTIVE STRESS PRINCIPLE: INCREMENTAL OR FINITE FORM?

Different expressions of the effective stress principle can be found in the literature, in particular some are written in finite form and others in incremental form. For the purpose of the paper we take for granted that stress–strain relationships exist or can be obtained for the effective stress coming from both formulations. We investigate the consequences of the choice of particular finite or differential forms when they are introduced in a weak form of the linear momentum balance equation of two- of three-phase porous media for its numerical solution. For partially saturated geomaterials the importance of the capillary pressure–saturation relationship is pointed out.     

塔里木盆地志留系沥青砂岩有效厚度的确定方法

塔里木盆地志留系具有分布广泛的沥青砂岩,沥青砂岩段厚度在各个地区具有不均匀性,从几米到一百多米不等。岩心观察发现沥青砂岩段内并不全含有沥青,岩心剖面上呈现“黑白砂相间”的现象,“黑砂”的部分为含沥青层段,“白砂”的部分为不含沥青层段。弄清“白砂”中曾经是否有油气进入,对志留系沥青砂岩中沥青含量、古油藏油气储量的计算及志留系剩余油气资源量的评价具有重要的意义。本文通过对志留系沥青砂岩段的“黑砂”与“白砂”分别取样,采用物性测定、显微镜下岩性观察、含油包裹体颗粒指数(GOI)数据观测及定量颗粒荧光(QGF)指数测定等多种方法和技术手段对沥青砂岩段的“黑砂”与“白砂”进行对比研究。结果表明,沥青砂岩段的“白砂”没有油气进入或进入的油气量很少,在确定志留系沥青砂岩有效厚度时应剔除“白砂”层的厚度。     

Nonculturability of the pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in live culture of Grateloupia turuturu is associated with bacterial attachment to the algal thalli

The invasive red alga Grateloupia turuturu Yamada could turn Vibrio parahaemolyticus into nonculturable state in live algal culture. In order to elucidate the mechanism of such an effect, a series of culture experiments were performed in this investigation based on three hypothesized causes, namely bacterial attachment, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the discharge of water soluble secondary metabolic compounds. The results reveal that attachment to the thallus surface of G. turuturu was the major reason for the decrease of V. parahaemolyticus in seawater. Further investigations show that V. parahaemolyticus attachment to the surface of algal thallus in live cultures of seaweeds was a common phenomenon. However, the disappearance of the culturability of V. parahaemolyticus occurred only on the thallus of G. turuturu over 72 h among all six algal species tested. Electron microscopic scanning shows that most of V. parahaemolyticus attached to G. turuturu changed from the initial normal bacilli to coccoid-shape after 72 h. The enclosure experiments by enclosing the algal thallus in tubes demonstrate that the nonculturability of V. parahaemolyticus in the water of live culture of G. turuturu occurred after the physical contact of the V. parahaemolyticus to the alga. The capacity of G. turuturu in affecting the culturability of V. parahaemolyticus was not influenced after inhibition of photosynthesis by treatment of 3''-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1'',1''-dimethyl urea (DCMU) at non-lethal levels. Production of reactive oxygen species after addition of live culture of bacteria was excluded by on-line analyzing the oxidation of dichlorohydrofluorescein (DCFH) to dichlorofluorescein (DCF) in the presence of peroxidase on a VersaFluor fluorometer.     

国产海洋气象漂流浮标运行评估分析

利用2017年西太平洋海域国产海洋气象漂流浮标（以下简称浮标）实时运行数据、定位数据及观测数据,对浮标有效寿命、文件接收率、数据到报率和数据可用性等主要指标进行了评估。结果表明,浮标漂流速度是反映仪器有效寿命的关键指标,4套浮标有效寿命分别为193.8 h、837.8 h、330.8 h和2766.9 h;有效寿命内浮标文件接收率和数据到报率分别为79.86%和98.74%、97.37%和99.88%、94.65%和100%、65.45%和89.66%。经浮标运行状态参数影响分析和质量控制算法验证,浮标数据可用率分别为98.90%、99.68%、98.31%和60.14%。浮标太阳能充电模块可以一定程度上增加浮标工作寿命,但不能阻止电源损耗,电源电压变化趋势预测结果表明浮标工作寿命在5550 h至8400 h,满足设计指标。     

废弃海洋桩基平台拆除工程的进度管理方法研究

废弃海洋桩基平台拆除是一项危险、复杂的系统工程,需要多方面的协调配合,加之海上施工条件恶劣,因此造成施工进度难以把握。文中对拆除工程的内容进行了系统的研究,提出了工程进度计划的编制方法。并在此基础上,采用模糊综合评价的方法,综合考虑多个因素的影响,编制、协调、实施、检测和调整施工进度计划,实现对施工的进度的科学管理。     

Estimating growing-season root zone soil moisture from vegetation index-based evapotranspiration fraction and soil properties in the Northwest Mountain region,USA

A soil moisture retrieval method is proposed, in the absence of ground-based auxiliary measurements, by deriving the soil moisture content relationship from the satellite vegetation index-based evapotranspiration fraction and soil moisture physical properties of a soil type. A temperature–vegetation dryness index threshold value is also proposed to identify water bodies and underlying saturated areas. Verification of the retrieved growing season soil moisture was performed by comparative analysis of soil moisture obtained by observed conventional in situ point measurements at the 239-km² Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho, USA (2006–2009), and at the US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) soil moisture measurement sites in Sundance, Wyoming (2012–2015), and Lewistown, Montana (2014–2015). The proposed method best represented the effective root zone soil moisture condition, at a depth between 50 and 100 cm, with an overall average R² value of 0.72 and average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.042.