Interactive discovery of sequential patterns in time series of wind data

Wind speed and direction vary over space and time due to the interactions between different pressures and temperature gradients within the atmospheric layers. Near the earth’s surface, these interactions are modulated by topography and artificial structures. Hence, characterizing wind behaviour over large areas and long periods is a complex but essential task for various energy-related applications. In this study, we present a novel approach to discover wind patterns by integrating sequential pattern mining and interactive visualization techniques. The approach relies on the use of the Linear time Closed pattern Miner sequence algorithm in conjunction with a time sliding window that allows the discovery of all sequential patterns present in the data. These patterns are then visualized using integrated 2D and 3D coordinated multiple views and visually explored to gain insight into the characteristics of the wind from a spatial, temporal and attribute (type of wind pattern) point of view. This proposed approach is used to analyse 10 years of hourly wind speed and direction data for 29 weather stations in the Netherlands. The results show that there are 15 main sequential patterns in the data. The spatial task shows that weather stations located in the same region do not necessarily experience similar wind pattern. For within the selected time interval, similar wind patterns can be observed in different stations and in the same station at different times of occurrence. The attribute task discovered that the repetitive occurrences of chosen pattern indicate as regular wind behaviour at different weather stations that persisted continuously over time. The results of these tasks show that the proposed interactive discovery facilitates the understanding of wind dynamics in space and time.     

基于多元对应分析的国家地质公园综合价值及分类

目前地质公园的分类难以针对具有多重价值属性的各类地质公园提出行之有效的分类管理模式。提出基于综合价值的国家地质公园分类模式,建立了国家地质公园综合价值评价指标,通过问卷调查与小组讨论获取了35个国家地质公园的量化综合价值评价指标数据,应用多元对应分析对量化数据进行统计处理,最后将35个国家地质公园分为禀赋型地质公园、生态型地质公园、成熟型地质公园、均衡型地质公园和发展型地质公园五大类,为国家地质公园分类管理提供依据。     

Field Evaluation of the Vertical Bearing Capacity of a Screw Pretensioned Spun High-Strength Concrete Pile

This study has evaluated the vertical bearing capacity by conducting static load tests for noise-free and vibration-free screw pretensioned spun high-strength concrete (PHC) piles installed using two different methods (end-squirting shoe and pre-boring methods). Vertical bearing capacity differences seem to occur due to the displacement of soils near the external circumference of a pile, depending on the installation method. A method by which to evaluate the bearing capacity of screw concrete piles is suggested by considering the equations that already have been used to calculate the bearing capacity of piles. Based on static load tests and analysis, the pile installed using the end-squirting shoe method was assumed to be a bored pile and it was reasonable to use the equation proposed by the Japanese Geotechnical Society. At the same time, the pile installed using the pre-boring method was deemed a low soil displacement pile and so it was reasonable to apply the equations proposed for calculating the bearing capacity of the driven pile suggested by the Architectural Institute of Japan.     

Development of Prebored Screw Pile Method and Evaluation of Its Bearing Characteristics

The pile-driving method produces considerable noise and vibrations. Hence, an auger-drilled pile method was developed as a low-noise and -vibration substitute. However, this method does not guarantee the bearing capacity of the pile unless some amount of pile-driving is performed. Therefore, the noise and vibration problems cannot be completely solved. In this study, a prebored screw pile method is proposed to solve these problems. In this method, piles are constructed by the rotary penetration of a screw pile into a prebored hole filled with some cement milk and whose diameter is smaller than that of the screw pile. To determine the shape of the screw pile, laboratory tests with model screw piles were conducted. Also, field load tests were conducted on an actual screw pile fabricated based on the laboratory test result and on a smooth-surfaced pile. In addition, the behavior of the screw pile was estimated by using three-dimensional finite element analysis. The results of the field load test and the numerical simulation showed that the ultimate bearing capacity and the unit skin friction of the screw pile are very superior to those of the smooth-surfaced pile and the cement milk is an important factor in the prebored screw pile method.     

基于改进K-SVD字典学习方法的地震数据去噪

为实现更好的地震数据去噪技术,笔者引入一种新的算法:快速迭代收缩阀值法(FISTA),通过FISTA和K-奇异值分解(K-SVD)不断迭代更新K-SVD字典,利用更新得到的K-SVD字典对地震数据进行稀疏表示,去除稀疏系数中较小的数值,使数据中的随机噪声得到压制。对层状模型合成地震记录,Marmousi模型合成地震记录以及实际地震数据进行对比实验,得出FISTA算法较OMP算法能更好地提高地震数据的信噪比,同时有效地保护了反射信号。     

Application of Geochemistry and VNIR Spectroscopy in Mapping Heavy Metal Pollution of Stream Sediments in the Takab Mining Area, NW of Iran

This study considered the possibility of using visible and near infrared (VNIR) spectral absorption feature parameters (SAFPs) in predicting the concentration and mapping the distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Takab area. In total, 60 sediment samples were collected along main streams draining from the mining districts and tailing sites, in order to measure the concentration of As, Co, V, Cu, Cr, Ni, Hg, Ti, Pb and Zn and the reflectance spectra (350–2500 nm). The quantitative relationship between SAFPs (Depth500nm, R610/500nm, R1344/778nm, Area500nm, Depth2200nm, Area2200nm, Asym2200nm) and geochemical data were assessed using stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and enter multiple linear regression (EMLR) methods. The results showed a strong negative correlation between Ni and Cr with Area2200nm, a significant positive correlation between As and Asym2200nm, Ni and Co with Depth2200nm, as well as Co, V and total values with Depth500nm. The EMLR method eventuated in a significant prediction result for Ni, Cr, Co and As concentrations based on spectral parameters, whereas the prediction for Zn, V and total value was relatively weak. The spatial distribution pattern of geochemical data showed that mining activities, along with the natural weathering of base metal occurrences and rock units, has caused high concentrations of heavy metals in sediments of the Sarough River tributaries.     

利用分布式光纤声传感设备开展青藏高原易贡湖浅层结构探测

地震数据是利用地震学方法探测地下结构的基础条件,然而传统地震仪器难以获得极端环境地区(水下、高原等)的长时间、高密度连续数据。较之国际仪器厂商,国内的DAS研制相对较晚。自2016年起,国产DAS逐步应用于石油测井和城市区域地下结构探测,而运用在极端环境下的探测工作尚未见报道。中国科学院半导体研究所与青藏高原研究所经过多年合作研究,于2021年4月将自主研发的DAS系统首次应用于青藏高原的野外数据采集。本次试验同时记录了地面和水下的连续背景噪声和重锤数据。该研究利用背景噪声成像技术,获得了西藏易贡湖地区地表70 m以内的横波速度结构。本次研究为极端环境下的低成本、高密度数据采集和地下结构探测提供了理论和试验依据。     

卡尔曼滤波在InSAR噪声消除与相位解缠中的应用

相位解缠作为InSAR技术中的关键步骤,一直是研究的难点和热点。通常的相位解缠方法在相位解缠前首先必须进行噪声消除,而卡尔曼滤波将相位解缠问题转化为状态估计问题,实现了相位解缠与噪声消除一并处理,成为一种相位解缠新途径。并提出了卡尔曼滤波在相位解缠与噪声抑制中的一种新算法。     

平缓地区地形湿度指数的计算方法

地形湿度指数( topographic wetness index) 可定量模拟流域内土壤水分的干湿状况, 在流域 的土壤及分布式水文模型等研究中具有重要的意义。但现有的地形湿度指数计算方法在应用于 地形平缓地区时会得到明显不合理的结果, 即在河谷地区内, 地形湿度指数仅在狭窄的汇水线上 数值较高, 而在汇水线以外的位置则阶跃式地变为异常低的地形湿度指数值。本文针对此问题对 地形湿度指数的计算方法提出改进: 以多流向算法MFD- fg 计算汇水面积, 相应地以最大下坡计 算地形湿度指数, 再基于一个正态分布函数对河谷平原地区内的地形湿度指数进行插值处理。应 用结果表明, 所得地形湿度指数的空间分布不但能合理地反映平缓地区坡面上的水分分布状况, 并且在河谷地区内地形湿度指数值也都比较高, 其空间分布呈平滑过渡, 因而整个研究区域的水 分分布状况得到了比较合理的反映。     

Single epoch GPS deformation signals extraction and gross error detection technique based on wavelet transform

IntroductionGPS technique is widely used for deformationmonitoring thanks for the high precision. Usual-ly , there are three working modes associatedwith GPS deformation observation: periodicalGPS deformation monitoring net , GPS monito-ring array and rea…