Astrometric Solution of the Multiple System Xy Leo

An astrometric solution, together with time of minimum analysis, has been made for the multiple system XY Leonis (HIP 49136) to identify the properties of the remote companion to the eclipsing pair (AB). From this solution, we derive the inclination of the wide orbit (AB-cd) as 94.4^∘± 0.2^∘, angle of nodes as 247.3^∘± 0.2^∘, and the mass of the wide component (the dwarf binary cd) as 0.98 ± 0.2 M_⊙. This study confirms that the light travel time effect can explain the sinusoidal O−C variation of the eclipsing system.     

Aq Psc – Analysis of New Light Curves

New BV light curves of the A-type W UMa star AQ Psc (P = 0.476d) have been observed and are described. A few times of minimum light are obtained and the ephemeris is improved. The light curves are analyzed for the binary parameters with a light curve synthesis method. Combining the results with Lu and Rucinski’s spectroscopic mass ratio we determined the masses and radii of the components: M ₁ = 1.69M _⊙, M ₂ = 0.38M _⊙, R ₁ = 1.77R _⊙, and R ₂ = 0.89R _⊙.     

Photon excitation of sodium emission in Comets

We consider the possibility of the excitation of sodium resonance emission in cometary matter under solar radiation at a heliocentric distance of 5 AU, as was observed when a fragment of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 plunged into Jupiter. When the sodium emission is calculated, the multiple scattering in the cometary cloud is taken into account. We use a non-LTE radiative transfer code for a two-level model sodium atom. A comparison of the computed and observed Na I D emission line profiles allows the column density of the sodium atoms for specific times of observations of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 to be determined. The observed Na I(D₁+D₂) line profile was found to agree well with the computed profile for an optically thick sodium cloud. We calculated the column density of the sodium atoms for three comets from the observed intensity of the D₂ line emission. We also calculated the D₂/D₁ intensity ratio for various optical depths of the sodium cloud and various phase angles.     

Direct detection and characterization of extrasolar planets: The Mariotti space interferometer

Space infrared nulling interferometry has been identified as one of the most promising techniques for direct detection of Earthlike extrasolar planets and spectroscopic analysis of their atmospheres in the near future. After a review of various nulling interferometer schemes, we introduce the concept of internal modulation. As an illustration, we describe a two-dimensional array of telescopes that provides full internal modulation capabilities: the Mariotti space interferometer. It consists of six free-flying telescopes positioned on the sides of an equilateral triangle and grouped into three nulling interferometers. Their nulled outputs are suitably phase-shifted with respect to each other, coherently recombined, and detected. The phase shifts applied between the nullers are periodically changed, providing signal modulation at a frequency that can be selected to minimize instrumental and background noise. The frequency upper limit is set by the read-out noise of the detectors, and turns out to be ¹⁰⁻¹-¹⁰⁻² Hz for currently available Si:As BIB devices. This “fast” signal modulation allows much better monitoring of the background and detector drifts than when one relies solely on the external modulation provided by the slow rotation of the whole interferometer (at typical frequencies of 3×¹⁰⁻⁴-3×¹⁰⁻⁵ Hz). Mariotti internal modulation, also known as “phase chopping,” thus appears as a major step toward the feasibility of the Darwin and TPF space missions.     

Relationship Between the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Dominant Small Pelagic Fishes and Environmental Factors in Mauritanian Waters

The relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of three dominant small pelagic fishes,including chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus),horse mackerel(Trachurus trecae)and round sardinella(Sardinella aurita),and the environmental factors in Mauritanian waters were analyzed by using 4 years of logbook data of commercial purse seine fisheries to improve the efficiency of fishery and management of sustainable exploitation.A Tweedie-generalized additive model(GAM)of 8-day average catches and the monthly geostatistical analysis of daily catches were used in this study to analyze the influence of environmental factors on catch per unit of effort(CPUEs)and to map the spatial distribution of three mixed dominant small pelagic fishes,respectively.A 10'×10' grid was used,and environmental factors were processed from remote sensing,including 8-day average sea surface temperature(SST),the nearest distance between SST fronts and CPUE position(Df),chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration,salinity,and eddy kinetic energy.Results showed that 1)the distribution of three dominant small pelagic fishes might be related to the intensity of upwelling in Mauritanian waters;2)oceanic fronts might play a key role in the ecology of chub mackerel,horse mackerel,and round sardinella;3)Chl-a concentration might be associated with the feeding grounds of chub mackerel;4)the target species distribution appeared sensitive to gradient changes in the amount of salinity;5)three zones(northern,central,and southern)with variable abundances were delineated;and 6)a high concentration of the center of gravity in the central zone might be related to the strong upwelling of nutrient-rich waters.This study can provide new insights to enhance the fishery efficiency and sustainable exploitation management of purse seiners in certain area off Mauritania.     

Changes in the Chemical Components of Light Crude Oil During Simulated Short Term Weathering

To unambiguously identify spilled oils and to link them to the known sources are extremely important in settling ques-tions of environmental impact and legal liability. The fate and behavior of spilled oils in the environment depend on a number of physicochemical and biological factors. This paper presents the results regarding changes in chemical composition of light crude oil during simulated short-term weathering based on natural environmental conditions. The results show that the saturated hydrocarbons of the light crude oil mainly distribute between n-C8 and n-C23 and the most abundant n-alkanes are found in the n-C10 to n-C16. The main chemical components of the light crude oil are n-alkanes and isoprenoids. The aromatic compounds are subordinate chemical components. Under the conditions of the weathering simulation experiment,n-alkanes less than n-C12,toluene and 1,3-dimethyl ben-zene are lost after 1 d weathering,the n-C13,n-C14,naphthalene and 2-methyl-naphthalene are lost on the fifth day of weathering,and n-C15 alkane components show certain weatherproof capability. The ratios n-C17/pristane and n-C18/phytane are unaltered and can be used to identify the source of the light crude oil during the first 8 d of weathering. After 21 d,the ratio pristine/phytane can not pro-vide much information on the source of the spilled light crude oil. Triterpanes(m/z 191) as biomarker compounds of light crude oil are more valuable.     

非饱和带轻非水相液体污染研究进展

通过对近年来轻非水相液体在非饱和带的污染机理、毛细压力-饱和度-相对渗透系数关系以及数学模拟的分析,总结了在三相流模拟过程中主要参数及物理过程的研究方法以及近年来研究非饱和带轻非水相液体污染的各种数学模型,论述了各种方法的优点和不足,提出需进一步研究解决滞后现象对油分布的影响;三相同时流动时气相对其他两相的影响;非等温条件下轻非水相液体进入包气带的污染迁移机理;开展原位实验研究复杂条件下的轻非水相液体污染迁移问题。     

一种DMSP/OLS稳定夜间灯光影像中国区域的校正方法

随着遥感技术的快速发展,国防气象卫星计划作战线扫描系统（DMSP/OLS）夜间灯光图像开始更多的应用于人文经济研究中。由于原始影像存在较多问题,如DN值饱和、年际不连续问题等,因此在使用之前需要对影像进行校正。“传统不变区域法”是应用较为广泛的校正方法,但仍存在部分问题,如未考虑目标区域长时间尺度上的微弱变化以及连续校正前基准年份的选取。本文对传统不变目标区域法进行改良,以黑龙江鹤岗市作为不变目标区域,选取3期辐射定标影像作为参考影像对DMSP/OLS稳定夜间灯光影像进行饱和校正,通过对比各年份影像饱和校正情况,选出最为合理的基准年份,从而对饱和校正后的影像进行连续性校正。为验证影像校正精度,本文从国家像元DN值、省级GDP与电力消费量、地级市GDP和县域GDP 4个层面与对应DN值进行线性回归检验,结果显示经改进方法校正后DMSP/OLS稳定夜间灯光影像TDN与市级GDP的拟合度（R2）平均值为0.85,远大于传统方法校正TDN与市级GDP拟合度（R2）平均值的0.53,且随着时间推移,传统不变目标区域法校正后拟合度逐渐降低至2013年的0.40,而利用改进后方法进行校正的拟合度未出现递减现象,2013年其R2仍为0.88,表明与传统不变区域法相比校正精度明显提高,饱和问题得到较大改善。     

主要环境因子对细弱蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia tenuis)孢子发育的影响及生活史的研究

在实验室条件下,以细弱蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia tenuis Wang et Luan)为材料,进行了不同温度和光照强度等主要环境因子对其发育影响的研究,同时对其生活史进行了详细观察。结果表明:(1)在4—30°C范围内,盘状体形成与直立枝生长的最适温度为24°C;(2)在光照强度10—200μmol范围内,盘状体形成和直立枝生长的最适光照强度为120μmol/(m2s);(3)孢子(果孢子和四分孢子)发育类型为间接盘状体类型;(4)生活史由单倍体的雌、雄配子体,双倍体的果孢子体(囊果)及四分孢子体构成,四分孢子体和配子体在形态上完全相同,属于典型的同型世代交替;与属模蜈蚣藻(G.filicina)一致。