夜间灯光遥感数据应用综述和展望

在遥感应用研究中,夜间灯光遥感作为发展活跃的一个重要分支,近年来受到越来越多来自自然科学领域和社会经济领域的关注。与传统的光学遥感卫星获取地物辐射信息不同,夜间灯光遥感是获取夜间无云条件下地表发射的可见光-近红外电磁波信息。相比于普通的遥感卫星影像,夜间灯光遥感所使用的夜间灯光影像记录的地表灯光强度信息更直接反映人类活动差异,因而被广泛应用于城市化进程研究、不透水面提取、社会经济指标空间化估算、重大事件评估、生态环境评估等领域。目前,虽然基于夜间灯光数据的应用研究成果正在不断积累,但对成果的系统性总结、整理的研究目前存在着覆盖面不全、时效性不强等不足。基于此,论文通过对近几十年来有关夜间灯光数据的研究成果的详细梳理,从数据处理与技术方法、应用研究等方面进行归纳总结。最后,文章从多源数据融合、应用领域拓展和短周期地表灯光监测3个方面指出了未来的研究热点。     

The effect of radiation on seedling growth and physiology in four species of Prosopis L. (Mimosaceae)

Domestication of wild plants needs efforts focused particularly on the development of the theoretical basis of plant responses to environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of radiation on seedling growth and physiology of Prosopis alba, P. chilensis, P. flexuosa and P. glandulosa. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse and randomly assigned to three light environments: full-sun, 52% sun, and 38% sun. No significant differences were found in the rate of leaf appearance and plant height 60 days after the light treatments began. Instantaneous CO₂uptake was not affected by the light environment during leaf development and did not differ among species. Variations in radiation availability resulted in significant differences in biomass accumulation, shoot/root ratio, protein and total non-structural carbohydrates contents. The practice of shading seedlings reduces the chances of survival ofProsopis due to an increase of the shoot/root ratio and a reduction of total biomass, stored carbohydrates, and the C:N balance.     

Compositional and geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons for typical marine oils and typical coal-generated oils in China

Different types of crude oils have different light hydrocarbon compositional and geochemical characteristics. Based on the light hydrocarbon data from two kinds of oils, i.e., coal-generated oils and marine oils in China, light hydrocarbons in marine oils in the Tazhong area are generally relatively enriched in n-heptane, and coal-generated oils from the Turpan Basin are enriched in methylcyclohexane. The K1 values, reported by Mango （1987）, range from 0.97 to 1.19 in marine oils, basically consistent with what was reported by Mango on light hydrocarbons in terms of the majority of the crude oil data. But the K1 values of coal-generated oils are particularly high （1.35-1.66） and far greater than those of marine oils; heptane values in marine oils, ranging from 32.3% to 45.4%, and isoheptane values, ranging from 1.9 to 3.7, are respectively higher than those of coal-generated oils, indicating that the oils are in the high-maturity stage. In addition, expulsion temperatures of coal-generated oils from the Turpan Basin are obviously lower than those of marine oils from the Tazhong area.     

Composition and Origin of Shallow Biogenetic Gases in the Baise Basin, South China

Based on the analytical data of over 30 gas samples, combined with geochemical and geological backgrounds, the composition and distribution characteristics of shallow biogenetic gases in the Baise Basin, a Tertiary residual basin in southern China, were extensively investigated, and the origin and formation mechanism tentatively approached. The shallow gases are primarily composed of gaseous hydrocarbons, generally accounting for over 90%. The abundances of methane and C2＋ homologues show a relatively wide range of variation, mainly 50%-100% and 0%-50%, respectively, depending on the mixing proportions between biogenetic and thermogenic gases. A highly negative carbon isotope is the significant signature for the shallow gases with δ^13C1 values of -55‰ to -75‰. According to molecular and isotopic compositions and light hydrocarbon parameters, the shallow gases in the basin can be classified into three types of origins： biogenetic gas, biogenetic/thermogenic mixed gas, and oii-biodegraded gas. They exhibit regular distribution both spatially and temporally, and are believed to be associated with the maturity of adjoining gas source rocks and biodegraded oil accumulation. The Baigang and Nadu source rocks can be considered to have experienced early and late gas generation during early burial and after basin uplift respectively. A late accumulation mechanism of multiple gas sources is put forward for the formation of the shallow gas reservoirs, which is responsible for the variations in chemical and isotopic composition of the gases in depth profile.     

光源发散角对DPC偏振定标的影响分析及验证

多角度偏振成像仪(DPC)是一种多角度、多光谱具备偏振测量功能的大视场偏振遥感器。偏振定标光源的发散角与DPC像元对应的视场角匹配一致,是提升DPC实验室偏振定标精度的关键因素之一。通过比较实验室偏振定标与在轨定标的状态差异,参考DPC在轨运行光学系统的成像原理,通过微分运算方式,建立一种偏振定标光源的发散角与单像元视场角匹配的模型,分析结果给出了光源的发散角应大于0.14°才能满足DPC全视场的偏振定标要求。以490 nm偏振通道为例,设计了采用可调光谱积分球替代0.125°发散角扩束镜平行光源方案,验证所建立模型和分析结果的合理性。结果表明,DPC的线偏振度测量值和理论预测值间的平均差异由1.26×10–2减小至4.4×10–3,说明所建立模型和采用可调光谱积分球作为偏振定标光源方案可用于DPC的实验室偏振定标。     

黄海中北部和渤海东部表层沉积物轻矿物特征及其指示意义

对采自黄海中北部和渤海东部的233个表层沉积物样品的轻矿物含量、分布特征和矿物组合等进行了分析,对其指示意义进行了讨论。结果表明,轻矿物组成主要是现代黄河物质与海区周边近源物质相互叠加的结果,黄、渤海潮流系统对轻矿物的分布具有重要影响。现代黄河物质主要分布于渤海南部、环山东半岛泥质区、北黄海西部泥质区和南黄海中部泥质区,以高含量的云母为典型特征。辽东半岛东南侧近海一带的高成熟度细砂质沉积则可能为全新世海侵所形成的残留沉积。钾长石是近源花岗岩等酸性岩浆岩的敏感指标。云母分异指数可用来指示云母类矿物的搬运路径,表征云母类矿物之间的水动力分异程度。以云母为示踪剂,本文揭示了两条黄河悬浮物质的运移路径：大多数云母主要沿山东半岛北侧,绕经成山角,向南黄海输送;另有少部分在北黄海西部冷涡环流的驱动下,从山东半岛北侧近海向北黄海西部泥质区搬运,然后再沿黄海暖流的路径向渤海东部输送。     

气溶胶粒子对城市夜间边界层温度影响的模式研究

用一维非定常模式模拟大气气溶胶粒子对城市夜间边界层大气温度场的影响。结果表明：气溶胶粒子对近地层大气地增温作用，对１５０ｍ以上大气起降温作用，并削弱近地逆温层的强度。     

LED补光对温室黄瓜幼苗抗衰老及抗氧化酶系统的影响

研究补光时间与光质对设施作物抗衰老及抗氧化能力的影响,对于充实光质效应理论和优化补光技术有重要意义。研究了补光2、4、8 h及蓝光(B)、红光(R)、白光(W)和红蓝复合光(R:B＝7:3和8:2)对温室黄瓜幼苗光合色素、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白含量及抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:与自然光照相比,补光可显著提高黄瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,其中以补光4 h红蓝复合光处理(7R/3B和8R/2B)效果最为显著;补光可提高黄瓜幼苗可溶性蛋白含量,其中,以蓝光效果最好。补照4 h蓝光可以明显提高黄瓜幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白的含量及保护酶(过氧化物酶POD、超氧化物歧化酶SOD、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶APX、过氧化氢酶CAT)活性,并且使MDA的含量保持相对较低的水平,从而可以有效延缓叶片衰老。     

Effects of different light conditions on repair of UV-B-induced damage in carpospores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm

We evaluated the effects of ultraviolet-B(UV-B) radiation and different light conditions on the repair of UV-B-induced damage in carpospores of C hondrus ocellatus Holm(Rhodophyta) in laboratory experiments. Carpospores were treated daily with different doses of UV-B radiation for 48 days,when vertical branches had formed in all treatments; after each daily treatment,the carpospores were subjected to photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),darkness,red light,or blue light during a 2-h repair stage. Carpospore diameters were measured every 4 days. We measured the growth and cellular contents of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers(CPDs),chlorophyll a,phycoerythrin,and UV-B-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids(MAAs) in carpospores on Day 48. Low doses of UV-B radiation(36 and 72 J/m 2) accelerated the growth of C. ocellatus. However,as the amount of UV-B radiation increased,the growth rate decreased and morphological changes occurred. UV-B radiation significant damaged DNA and photosynthetic pigments and induced three kind of MAAs,palythine,asterina-330,and shinorine. PAR conditions were best for repairing UV-B-induced damage. Darkness promoted the activity of the DNA darkrepair mechanism. Red light enhanced phycoerythrin synthesis but inhibited light repair of DNA. Although blue light,increased the activity of DNA photolyase,greatly improving remediation efficiency,the growth and development of C. ocellatus carpospores were slower than in other light treatments.     

Photometric Observation And Period Study Of Go Cygni

Photometric observations of GO Cyg were performed during July–October 2002, in B and V filters (Johnson system). Using the Wilson's computer codes, the light curve analysis were carried out to find the photometric elements of the system. The O-C diagram which is based on the observed times of minima as well as those found in the literature, suggests a negative rate of period variation (i.e. ) for the system.