伊犁河流域乌孙山北坡植被垂直分布格局的定量判断

 结合野外调查结果,以1 410~2 960 m海拔梯度上的群落物种重要值和个体数为数量指标,采用游动分割窗技术定量判定了伊犁乌孙山北坡植被垂直分布格局。结果表明,平方欧式距离、马氏距离和Bray-Curtis距离系数均能较好指示群落交错带的变化类型、位置和宽度,其中,平方欧式距离和马氏距离更能直观而准确地反映植被沿海拔梯度的变异,且8个取样单位为游动分割窗最适窗体宽度。利用游动分割窗技术的定量分析,可以将伊犁乌孙山植被沿海拔梯度划分为11个植被带,从低到高依次为:荒漠草原、荒漠草原与山地草原交错带、山地草原、山地草原与亚高山草甸交错带、亚高山草甸、亚高山草甸与高山草甸交错带、高山草甸、高山草甸与针叶林交错带、针叶林、针叶林与高寒草甸交错带以及高寒草甸。荒漠草原与山地草原交错带、山地草原与亚高山草甸交错带、亚高山草甸与高山草甸交错带为渐变型过渡带,宽度分别为250、100、100 m,高山草甸与针叶林交错带和针叶林与高寒草甸交错带为急变型过渡带,宽度分别为150 m和100 m。     

转型跨越背景下新城发展路向——来自茂名环水东湾地区的思考

以剖析环水东湾新城过去发展不理想为起点,分析近年及将来外部环境的变化,提出环水东湾新城发展的新机遇。同时结合环水东湾地区的资源特色和茂名城市发展的新要求,提出环水东湾新城的发展策略。认为:①解决环水东湾新城较长时期发展动力不足问题,需要通过产业先行,激活活力;强化地域特色,营造新城魅力和更优的宜居环境;形成旅游开发与城市开发互动格局。②成就服务新城的成长,需要周边地区产业发展的支持,尤其北部旧城区部分人口与服务设施的南迁和博贺-北山港及临港产业的开发。③增强新城的可进入性,需要梳理茂名三大板块之间、新城与珠三角以及我国西南地区的交通联系。     

中国县域小城镇就业岗位对人口集聚的影响研究——基于分位数回归的实证检验

利用中国县域建制镇数据,研究了中国小城镇常住人口与就业岗位的空间分布特征,采用分位数回归实证检验了就业岗位对小城镇人口集聚的影响。主要结论是：① 中国县域小城镇常住人口主要集中在胡焕庸线以东地区,尤其是哈大沿线、成渝地区、长江中下游和东南沿海省份。2009~2014年,中国小城镇常住人口密度普遍上升,中国小城镇常住人口比重在胡焕庸线两侧基本保持着稳定状态。② 中国县域小城镇非农就业岗位分布与常住人口分布大致吻合,且集聚程度更高。③ 中国县域小城镇就业岗位促进常住人口的集聚。随着县域小城镇人口规模的增加,就业岗位对小城镇常住人口集聚的影响逐渐降低,且第三产业就业岗位数量对人口集聚的影响将超过第二产业。④ 分区域看,县域小城镇就业岗位的人口促进作用对东部地区最为显著,中部次之,西部最低。     

ISLAND MAGIC AND THE MAKING OF A TRANSNATIONAL REGION*

ABSTRACT. How can an artificial island and a bridge‐building project shape the dreams and plans for a transnational region? In this article I examine the making of the öresund region of Denmark and Sweden by analyzing the intertwining of bridge construction and region building, from the early dreams and plans, to the actual construction phase, to the ceremonial opening in 2000, and to the difficult transition into an everyday transportation system. The ways in which the construction was organized and staged came to mirror some important trends of the so‐called new economy and many of its buzzwords. Engineering and imagineering were combined in new ways.     

The pulse of citizenship: reflections on Griffith Taylor and ‘nation‐planning‘

This exercise in a type of applied historiography begins by annotating aspects of reform in Western education from the 1880s to the 1930s, an interval which exhibits the responses of ‘new’ subjects to political and social demands for improved civics education, and encompasses the inauguration of a recognisably ‘academic’ geography in Australia. Designedly, since the nominated period also incorporates the early life and career of pioneering geographer Griffith Taylor, the discussion probes beneath the strata of obfuscatory generalisation to relate one individual's engagement with the vortex of change. More specifically, it extracts a few lessons from Taylor's approach to ‘Nation‐Planning’ to suggest an appropriate orientation to current reformism in Australian education. It is argued that, while this trend questions the civic utility of established disciplines, it has been badly served by a disturbing ignorance of the social and intellectual heritage of the subjects under challenge.     

新兴商业中心规划与建设的实证研究——以厦门市富山商圈为例

随着城市化进程的加快,原有单核心的市级商业中心,大多被双核心或多核心商业中心格局所取代。这些后期规划建设的商业中心,固然有着许多的比较优势,但也存在着开发时间短,商业文化底蕴较薄,商业设施载体和商业功能需求不相适应,商业中心空间结构和业态布局不合理等问题。因此,迫切要求学术界对新兴市级商业中心进行深入地分析和研究。本研究以厦门市新兴商业中心富山商圈为例,通过对富山商圈内部空间结构现状的系统研究,阐述城市新兴商业中心战略定位、业态结构和空间布局等规划问题,为我国其他城市地区的新兴商业中心的研究提供比较案例,为城市构建最优的商业空间分布及商业空间搭配关系提供理论思路。     

Remote sensing documentation of historic rangeland remediation treatments in southern New Mexico

The Jornada Experimental Range and the New Mexico State University Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center are fruitful areas to study the long-term effects of rangeland remediation treatments which started in the 1930s. A number of diverse manipulations were completed under the direction of federal agency and university scientists, and abundant remote sensing imagery is available to assist in relocating the treatments and evaluating their success. This is particularly important because few of the treatments were maintained following the loss of scientific personnel coinciding with the start of World War II, and most records of Civilian Conservation Corps scientific work were lost with the disbanding of the agency in 1942. Aerial photography, which was systematically used to image the United States beginning in the 1930s, can be used to identify types of treatments, measure areal coverage, estimate longevity, and help plan locations for new experiments. No long-lasting vegetation response could be determined for contour terraces, brush water spreaders, strips grubbed free of shrubs (despite the fact that these strips have remained visible for 65 years), and mechanical rootplowing and seeding. Distinct positive, long-term vegetation responses could be seen in aerial photos for water retention dikes, certain fenced exclosures, and some boundaries where different land management practices meet. It appears from both aerial photos and existing conventional records that experimental manipulation of rangelands has often been ineffective on the landscape scale because treatments are not performed over large enough contiguous areas and hydrological and ecological processes overwhelm the treatments. In addition, treatments are not maintained over time, treatment evaluation periods are sometimes too short, multi-purpose treatments are not used to maximize effects, and treatments are often not located in appropriate sites.     

基于航空口岸的台胞大陆 旅游流空间场效应分析

为克服缺乏研究分析所需的各源点(旅游目的地)间旅游流的流量、流向数据,本文基于网络分析原理的数据库分析技术,对航空口岸选择变化所引起的台胞大陆旅游流空间场效应进行模拟分析。研究发现,以广州－广州,上海－上海为入出境口岸的客流联系比较发育,其次是北京－北京、上海－广州(或广州－上海),而选择北京－上海(或上海－北京),北京－广州(或广州－北京)为入出境口岸的旅游流空间场发育较为薄弱。造成这种空间效应的主要原因是受到旅游资源区位供给、旅游者市场需求(如产品偏爱,旅游时间限制)、旅游交通(航空网络连接强度和紧密度)及旅行社营销等共同影响。研究结果为入境台胞区域旅游合作与发展提供参考依据。     

海河南系平原浅层地下水开采耗能及其空间分布

本文针对海河南系平原不同时期地下水水位变化引起的能耗增加问题,基于开采井与其影响半径区域内的地下水开采耗能等效的假设,首次推导了浅层地下水耗能计算公式。利用三个不同时期浅层地下水流场的演化特点,结合GIS技术方法,对典型年份 (1964、1984和2001年 )春季农业生产季节地下水开采耗能及其变化进行比较分析。研制了海河南系平原农业春产期浅层地下水耗能空间分布图,分析获得20世纪60年代以来该地区地下水位下降导致开采耗能大幅度增加的态势和空间分布格局,结果表明:从海积平原地区到太行山前平原地区,开采浅层地下水耗能以及耗能差值都呈递增趋势。研究结果对北方地区水价政策等的制订有重要的参考价值,为研究区南水北调后地下水水位回升的社会经济效益评价提供参考。     

中国东部沿海地区乡村转型发展与新农村建设

1978 年改革开放以来, 中国东部沿海地区工业化、城市化的快速发展, 深刻地改变着广大农村地区, 促使农村产业结构、就业结构与农业生产方式等发生巨大变化, 乡村发展步入转型升级的新阶段。1978-2005 年, 沿海地区第一产业比重由23.3%降为7.9%, 第三产业比重由19.8%升为40.5%, 农业劳动力比重则由90.8%降为47.9%。模拟分析表明, 沿海地区 农业产值与农业就业份额仍将持续下降, 2010 年、2020 年农业产值比重将降为8.0%和 6.0%, 农业劳动力比重将降为44.5%和32.2%。1990-2005 年, 沿海地区劳耕弹性系数为1.84, 反映了农业劳动力的转移远快于耕地面积的减少, 农业劳动力效益在稳步提高。同期, 乡村人口由3.06 亿人降为2.19 亿人, 而农村人均居住用地规模却在增大, 未能实现农村人口 转移与农村居民点的减少相挂钩。沿海地区新农村建设须遵循乡村转型发展规律, 重在科学规划、分区推进, 通过优化城乡用地、发展现代农业和农村特色经济, 提升农村生产力, 促进沿海城乡互动与协调发展。