游客原真性感知与世界遗产资源原真性内涵集合式关系研究(英文)

游客原真性感知对于世界遗产资源的未来发展具有重要价值。本文基于原真性学说针对游客感知与世界遗产资源旅游发展内涵之间的关系进行了探讨。通过对世界遗产故宫博物院实证研究的结果表明:数学集合理论模型能够很好地模拟游客原真性感知与遗产资源发展内涵之间的内在联系,继而5种集合式关系被建立起来,即"相离关系"、"相交关系"、"包含关系I"、"包含关系II"和"重合关系"。根据调查样本的分配规律5种集合式关系可以被进一步分为主要集合式关系和次要集合式关系。使用双因素方差分析法从被调研游客的人口统计学特征(性别、年龄、受教育程度、游览频率和已有感知程度)出发,针对集合式关系进行研究的结果进一步显示:游客对于5种集合式关系类别的感知具有差异性。本论文研究成果对于基于原真性视角下的世界遗产资源发展成效评判以及从游客原真性感知出发提出世界遗产资源发展未来策略均具有实际意义。     

地图图像系统为布尔代数系的证明

根据布尔代数的定义和充要条件,论证了地图图像系统为布尔代数系,从而为地图编绘自动化提供了理论基础和数学工具。     

Uncertainty representation of ocean fronts based on fuzzy-rough set theory

Analysis of ocean fronts' uncertainties indicates that they result from indiseemibility of their spatial position and fuzzi-ness of their intensity. In view of this, a flow hierarchy for uncertainty representation of ocean fronts is proposed on the basis of fuzzy-rough set theory. Firstly, raster scanning and blurring are carried out on an ocean front, and the upper and lower approximate sets, the indiscernible relation in fuzzy-rough theories and related operators in fuzzy set theories are adopted to represent its uncer-tainties, then they are classified into three sets: with members one hundred pereent belonging to the ocean front, belonging to the ocean front's edge and definitely not belonging to the ocean front. Finally, the approximate precision and roughness degree are util-ized to evaluate the ocean front's degree of uncertainties and the precision of the representation. It has been proven that the method is not only capable of representing ocean fronts' uncertainties, but also provides a new theory and method for uncertainty representation of other oceanic phenomena.     

用正行列式解瓶颈指派问题

用正行列式作为工具,给出了瓶颈指派问题新的解法,并利用正行列式的值求出了瓶颈指派问题的全部最优解。最后通过一个实例说明该算法的实用和有效性。     

Penny-shaped fractures revisited

All methods of seismic characterization of fractured reservoirs are based on effective media theories that relate geometrical and material properties of fractures and surrounding rock to the effective stiffnesses. In exploration seismology, the first-order theory of Hudson is the most popular. It describes the effective model caused by the presence of a single set of thin, aligned vertical fractures in otherwise isotropic rock. This model is known to be transversely isotropic with a horizontal symmetry axis (HTI). Following the theory, one can invert the effective anisotropy for the crack density and type of fluid infill of fractures, the quantities of great importance for reservoir appraisal and management.Here I compute effective media numerically using the finite element method. I deliberately construct models that contain a single set of vertical, ellipsoidal, non-intersecting and non-interconnected fractures to check validity of the first-order Hudson’s theory and establish the limits of its applicability. Contrary to conventional wisdom that Hudson’s results are accurate up to crack density e ≈ 0.1, I show that they consistently overestimate the magnitudes of all effective anisotropic coefficients ε^(V), δ^(V), and γ^(V). Accuracy of theoretically derived anisotropy depends on the type of fluid infill and typically deteriorates as e grows. While the theory gives | ε^(V)|, |δ^(V)|, |γ^(V)| and close to the upper bound of the corresponding numerically obtained values for randomly distributed liquid-filled fractures, theoretical predictions of ε^(V), δ^(V) are not supported by numerical computations when the cracks are dry. This happens primarily because the first-order Hudson’s theory makes no attempt to account for fracture interaction which contributes to the final result much stronger for gas- than for liquid-filled cracks. I find that Mori-Tanaka’s theory is superior to Hudson’s for all examined crack densities and both types of fluid infill.The paper was presented at the 11th International Workshop on Seismic Anisotropy (11IWSA) held in St. John’s, Canada in 2004.     

浙江省人口健康脆弱性评估及影响因素分析

运用集对分析法从敏感性和应对性2个方面对浙江省11个地市的人口健康脆弱性进行评估。研究表明:①从敏感性和应对性2个维度对城市人口健康脆弱性进行评估的方法具有一定可靠性,但在突发大型流行性病毒感染疫情的情境下仍需进一步完善;②各地市脆弱性指数排名与敏感性指数保持较高一致性,而与应对性指数则表现出异质性和随机性,认为降低敏感性是降低城市人口健康脆弱性指数的关键;③城市人口健康脆弱性评价还应该增加城市对大型突发公共卫生事件的敏感性和应对能力的考量,相应的评估方法和模型仍有待进一步研究。     

胶南晚中生代大珠花岗岩岩体的脆性变形机制

在长期变化的构造应力作用下,胶南大珠山花岗岩岩体自早白垩世冷凝冷却以来发生强烈的脆性破裂变形,形成了多样的破裂类型如岩脉、节理和断层。在该岩体冷凝冷却早期侵入的细晶花岗岩脉和稍后形成的N-S向节理组反映出与同期区域构造应力场协调的N-S向挤压作用,而后伴随着揭顶剥蚀,出现了交替变化的构造应力场形成了岩体内主导的NW-NNW向和NE向节理组。整体上,恢复出的岩体内构造应力场发生顺时针方向旋转,最大水平挤压由早期的N-S向偏转为晚期的近E-W向。构造应力场的长期变化、平行节理作用和节理断层化作用造成了研究区复杂的破裂型式和破裂序列。     

土耳其卡赞天然碱溶采对接井堵井原因分析及修复

土耳其卡赞天然碱矿由于地质条件复杂,首采层不溶物含量高,矿层倾角大,在商业开采过程中易发生堵井事故。本文以P078水平对接井组为例,介绍了其施工工艺和注采井史,分析了引起井组堵塞的原因。遵循“先易后难、降低风险、控制成本”的原则,先后进行了直井单井循环、固井泵车压井和循环泥浆清理井底等各种尝试,最后提出了分支侧钻重新连通的技术方案,并成功修复了溶采通道,恢复了井组的正常生产。并在钻井施工组织、修井设计与施工和溶采作业等方面提出了建议。该技术对类似故障井组的修复具有一定的指导作用和借鉴意义。     

高速铁路无砟轨道地基泥岩膨胀性分类分级研究

红层泥岩是一种典型侏罗系沉积岩,其含有微量黏土矿物,易遇水软化、失水崩解,具有一定膨胀性,是引起兰新高速铁路路基持续上拱变形的一个重要因素,故重新判定该种土体膨胀性对高速铁路无砟轨道设计和施工具有重要意义。为此,选取等效蒙脱石含量、阳离子交换量、自由膨胀率和液限为泥岩膨胀性判别指标,通过兰新高速铁路上拱地段大量钻孔实测资料,提出了泥岩膨胀等级分级标准,采用改进层次分析法、基尼系数法和直觉模糊理论确定了判别指标组合权重,基于逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS法)建立了泥岩膨胀性直觉模糊综合评价模型。结果表明:直觉模糊综合评价模型将泥岩膨胀性进行了定量化,克服了同一试样不同指标属于不同等级判别缺陷;室内膨胀量试验验证了膨胀等级分级标准和直觉模糊综合评价模型对兰新高铁地基泥岩适用性和准确性。研究成果对地基红层泥岩高速铁路路基长期持续上拱变形风险评估和工程控制措施提供技术支撑。     

Water quality data for Fall Creek,New York,USA: 1972–1995

The 33 086 ha mixed land use Fall Creek watershed in upstate New York is part of the Great Lakes drainage system. Results from more than 3500 water samples are available in a data set that compiles flow data and measurements of various water quality analytes collected between 1972 and 1995 in all seasons and under all flow regimes in Fall Creek and its tributaries. Data is freely accessible at https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/8148 and includes measurements of suspended solids, pH, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chloride, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), sulphate sulphur (SO4-S), phosphorus (P) fractions molybdate reactive P (MRP) and total dissolved P (TDP), percent P in sediment, and ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N). Methods, sub-watershed areas, and coordinates for sampling sites are also included. The work represented in this data set has made important scientific contributions to understanding of hydrological and biogeochemical processes that influence loading in mixed use watersheds and that have an impact on algal productivity in receiving water bodies. In addition, the work has been foundational for important regulatory and management decisions in the region.