基准网平差初至波定位方法及应用

在滩浅海地震勘探中,由于海水深度和潮流的变化,在水面上按照预定位置沉放的检波器,在海底不可能放置在预定的位置。为此,利用基准网平差初至波定位方法对海底检波器位置进行了准确的二次定位,并对初至波二次定位和声波二次定位进行了比较分析。基准网平差初至波定位方法在KD-1滩浅海地区高精度地震勘探应用中取得了良好的效果。     

自由测站边角交会网在工程中的应用

鉴于自由测站边角交会网具有网形规则、可靠性高、多余观测数多和观测时无需对中等优点,提出将自由测站边角交会网应用于长大隧道洞内平面控制、基坑水平位移监测和有砟轨道CPⅢ平面网建网中。研究结果表明,将自由测站边角交会网应用于上述工程中都能在一定程度上克服传统方法的不足,提高测量效率和精度,值得推广使用。     

海底观测网技术进展与发展趋势

海底观测网络由于其特有的能源供给与信息传输优势,受到了广泛关注与重视。文中简要回顾了国内外海底观测网技术的发展现状,并就海底观测网技术发展趋势进行了探讨。     

佳木斯市GPS控制网的建立——索佳GSS1A型GPS接收机的应用

介绍利用日本索佳公司ＧＳＳ１Ａ型ＧＰＳ接收机在建立佳木斯市ＧＰＳ控制网中的应用。阐述了ＧＰＳ控制网的布设方案，外地施测方法和数据处理与精度分析，并扼要的总结了建网的经验与体会。     

Toward an improved global network for determination of tropospheric ozone climatology and trends

An examination of typical tropospheric ozone variability on daily, monthly, annual and interannual timescales and instrumental precision indicates that the current ozonesonde network is insufficient to detect a trend in tropospheric ozone of 1% per year at the 2 level even at stations with records a decade in length. From a trend prediction analysis we conclude that in order to detect a 1% per year trend in a decade or less it will be necessary to decrease the time between observations from its present value of 3–7 days to 1 day or less. The spatial distribution of the current ozonesonde stations is also inadequate for determining the global climatology of ozone. We present a quantitative theory taking into account photochemistry, surface deposition, and wind climatology to define the effectively sampled region for an observing station which, used in conjunction with the instrumental precision and the above prediction analysis, forms the basis for defining a suitable global network for determining regional and global ozone climatology and trends. At least a doubling of the present number of stations is necessary, and the oceans, most of Asia, Africa, and South America are areas where more stations are most needed. Differential absorption lidar ozone instruments have the potential for far more frequent measurements of ozone vertical profiles and hence potentially more accurate climatology and trend determinations than feasible with ozonesondes but may produce a (fair weather) biased data set above the cloud base. A strategy for cloudy regions in which either each station utilizes both lidars and sondes or each station is in fact a doublet comprised of a near-sea-level lidar and a proximal-mountain-top lidar could serve to minimize this bias.     

区域地球化学特征的三维可视化表达

将Delauney三角网模型应用到区域化探数据噪声甄别中,可大幅度提高原始化探数据的分析、观察及校正效率,对区域地球化学异常分析,提供新的思路和方法。本文将东天山地区1∶200 000区域地球化学数据作为实验样本,进行了有效的尝试,取得了较好的效果。     

Context-aware abstraction and generalization of street networks: two cognitively engineered user-oriented approaches using network Voronoi diagrams

Generalization and spatial contextual awareness are prevalent concepts in geographic information systems. This study adopted a context-dependent user-centred network generalization method to create a sub-network for optimal route finding. The results show an increase in the number of preferred traversed edges. A route presentation approach is suggested that is based on cognitively engineered user-oriented abstraction of street network. Successive abstractions hierarchize the street network to create a hierarchical presentation structure. The route is projected onto one level in the structure. Then, instead of showing the exact route, the network Voronoi regions represented by the projected route are shown. Experience indicates that the suggested method is an efficient way of route presentation for a hierarchical regionalized structure of a human cognitive map.     

基于约束Delaunay结构的街道中轴线提取及网络模型建立

从街区多边形提街道中轴线并在此基础上建立街道网络模型是城市空间分析及街区地图综合的基础问题,本文基于约束Ｄｅｌａｕｎａｙ三角网结构提出了在邻近街区边界之间的三角形元上提取中轴线从而建立街道网络图模型的方法,区分三种不同三角形元进行中轴线的连接,通过网络图的顶点、边完备地表达出街道、街区、街道交叉口之间的空间关系,并建立了街道中轴线与左右两侧街区多边形边界弧段间的匹配,从而使本文提出的混合数据模型将街道网络结构与街区多边形结构统一起来。     

新型GPS控制网布设及应用

设计出一种新型GPS控制网,通过与其他类型控制网进行比较分析,获得该新型GPS网的一些特点,并将该新型GPS控制网应用于工程实际中,实践表明:该新型GPS网,无论平面精度还是高程精度都高于设计精度,能够满足多种工程测量需要,值得借鉴。     

中国水质站网规划中几个问题的探讨

在完成中国水质站网规划工作的基础上,对下列问题作了进一步探讨:(1)水质站网规划单元的划分;(2)聚类分析在水质站网规划中的应用;(3)站网密度与人口和经济发展的关系;(4)中国水质站网的分区特征。