An ISO survey of possible water and hydroxyl IRASER transitions towards the star-forming regions W49, W3(OH) and Sgr B2M

We report ISO LWS observations towards the star-forming regions W49N, W3(OH) and Sgr B2M in LWS04 mode (high-resolution Fabry–Perot scans). Possible far-infrared laser emission was detected in a water line at 133.55 μm towards W49N, but the spectral resolution was inadequate to establish firmly the nature of the emission. An additional water line was marginally detected in absorption at the 3 σ level, also towards W49N, at 169.74 μm. No OH lines were detected towards Sgr B2M or W3(OH) at either 134.83 or 135.95 μm, either in emission or in absorption.     

The unusual host galaxy of the BL Lac object PKS 1413+135

The BL Lacertae object PKS 1413+135 is associated with a disc-dominated galaxy that heavily absorbs the BL Lac nucleus at optical and X-ray wavelengths. It has been argued whether this galaxy is actually the host galaxy of PKS 1413+135 or whether the BL Lac is a background QSO, gravitationally lensed by the apparent host galaxy. We have obtained deep high-resolution H -band images of this unusual BL Lac object using the UKIRT IRCAM3. Our observations show that the BL Lac nucleus is centred within 0.05 arcsec of the galaxy. Based on this result, we assess the probability for the lensing scenario and come to the conclusion that the disc galaxy is indeed the host of PKS 1413+135. The galaxy shows peanut-shaped isophotes, suggesting the presence of a central bar, which is a common feature of AGN.     

南海近海面风场变化特征及其与ENSO的相关性研究

利用1979—2017年共39 a欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）海表面10 m风场资料,采用经验正交函数方法（EOF）、小波时频特征分析等方法分析了南海近海面风场变化特征及其对ENSO的响应。结果表明：南海近海面风场第一模态海表面平均风速呈减小趋势, 呈现年代际变化,且与ENSO相关,但相关性在1990年后趋于减小;第二模态中南海北部和南部平均风速呈减小趋势,中部增大;第三模态中南海中部海表面平均风速趋于减小,北部和南部增大,第二和第三模态均表现为年际变化,且均与ENSO显著相关,近年来ENSO与第三模态的相关性逐渐增强。春季南海表面平均风速从南到北逐渐增加;夏季在越南沿岸部分海域仍有一个风速极大值中心,从该海域向四周逐渐减小,整片海域风向均是西南风;秋季由南向北依次增加;冬季南海整片海域风速都较大,越南沿岸和我国东沙群岛海域存在两个极大值中心。     

防潮闸启闭影响下的河口水流泥沙运动状态研究

为研究防潮闸启闭与跨水工程建设对河口地区水流泥沙运动状态的影响,以河口近闸跨水工程为背景,建立了以Godunov格式有限体积法为基础的二维浅水流动数学模型和基于固液二相流理论的二维水流泥沙数学模型,并以实测资料进行必要验证,结果较为吻合。在此基础上,建立了永定新河河口区域二维水沙数值模型,将该模型应用于滨海新区Z4线一期跨河工程段的水沙分析,并对工程建设后永定新河河口水流泥沙运动的变化趋势进行预报。结果表明永定新河河口二维全沙模型较为可靠,可为河口近闸跨水工程的相关分析提供研究思路和方法。     

Optimum observing strategies

The distribution of observations giving the smallest errors for specific purposes is found in the general case by a numerical procedure. Examples consider the minimum error ellipse for the recovery of a distant asteroid, a main belt object and the position in the target plane for a close approach to the Earth. The observations should be performed only on a few critical nights and inefficient times avoided. The methods are of interest for the optimum strategies for surveys and the determination of initial orbits.     

辽宁近岸海域水质演化及对近海陆域生态水文格局的响应

根据1991-2000年对辽宁省近岸海域水质的连续监测资料,采用秩相关系数法对辽宁近岸海域水质做了定量评估,结果表明,辽宁省近岸海域海水水质较差,主要污染物为无机氮、活性磷酸盐、石油类和Pb,2000年全省近海海域各类功能区水质总达标率仅为48．1％。秩相关系数趋势预测表明：除COD有下降趋势外,其他主要污染物均有逐年上升趋势,且无机氮的上升趋势最为显著。辽宁省在沿海改革开放的初期,沿海海域的水环境做出了相当大的牺牲：20世纪90年代的中后期水质有了明显的改善,陆域非点源污染对近岸海域水质污染的贡献较大;各主要污染物在各海域的变化不同。生物学指标整体上显示,大连海域和营口海域水质在枯水期要好于丰水期,表现出明显的季节变化。无机氮与石油类和COD呈现出正相关关系,COD与石汕类、活悱磷酸盐和Pb呈现出弱正相关关系,水质PCA结果进一步表明辽宁近海海域水质污染除工业污染外,近海陆域非点源污染对水质污染的贡献最大。生态水文参数的主成分分析(PCA)及与主要污染物的回归分析结果表明,近海海域水质演化受到近海陆域生态水文过程的影响较大,无机氮受到近海陆地水开发影响最大;活性磷酸盐、石油类受到水文过程因子的影响最大;COD和Pb受到农业开发活动的影响最大。建议在辽宁省海水质综合整治的过程中,要加强对近海陆域生态水文过程的调节,实施海陆一体化的综合治理模式。     

Exploring landscape and geologic controls on spatial patterning of streambank groundwater discharge in a mixed land use watershed

Preferential groundwater discharge features along stream corridors are ecologically important at local and stream network scales, yet we lack quantification of the multiscale controls on the spatial patterning of groundwater discharge. Here we identify physical attributes that best explain variation in the presence and lateral extent of preferential groundwater discharges along two 5th order streams, the Housatonic and Farmington Rivers, and 32 1st to 4th order reaches across the Farmington River network. We mapped locations of preferential groundwater discharge exposed along streambanks using handheld thermal infrared cameras paired with high-resolution topographic and land use land cover datasets, surficial soil characteristic maps, and depth-to-bedrock geophysical measurements. The unconfined Housatonic River, MA, USA (12 km) had fewer discharge locations and less lateral extent (41 discharge locations with 38 m of active discharge/km of river) compared to the partially confined Farmington River, CT, USA (26 km; 169 discharge locations with 129 m of active discharge/km of river). Using a moving window analysis, we found along both rivers that discharge was more likely to occur where bank slopes were steeper, floodplain extent was narrower, and degree of confinement was higher. Along the Farmington River, groundwater discharge was more likely to occur where saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher and depth-to-bedrock was shallower. Among the 32 stream reaches surveyed (33.2 km of total stream length) within the Farmington River watershed, preferential discharge was observed in all but two stream reaches, varied from 0 to 25% of lateral extent along stream banks (mean = 6%), and was more likely to occur where stream reach slopes were steep, saturated hydraulic conductivity was high, and watershed urbanization was low. Our results show that, though both surface (e.g., topographic, land use land cover) and subsurface (e.g., soil characteristics, bedrock depth) factors control the prevalence of streambank preferential groundwater discharge, the dominant controls vary across valley settings and stream sizes.     

湖北金银山锑矿蚀变矿物红外光谱特征及找矿应用

鄂南锑矿地区是我国重要锑矿产地之一,研究区内发现过大量锑多金属矿床(点)。目前随着浅部锑矿资源被开发殆尽,以往对中深部的找矿勘查仍未有新的进展,因此急需寻找一套快速有效的勘查方法,对该地找矿模型与预测方面进行深入研究,以扩大资源量和找矿成果。本文以金银山锑多金属矿床作为研究对象,利用短波红外光谱技术(SWIR)对于金银山锑矿ZK3101、ZK2701钻孔岩心进行光谱扫描,厘定获得了金银山锑矿蚀变矿物种类、组合、波谱参数等信息,并划分出蚀变矿物分带,分析矿化与蚀变矿物分带之间的关系。金银山锑金矿主要蚀变矿物有云母类、绿泥石类、碳酸盐类等,其中绢云母化带与成矿关系密切。通过计算绢云母族矿物Al—OH光谱特征参数,发现矿化部位绢云母结晶度(IC值)与Al—OH 2200nm 特征峰吸收峰位值(Pos 2200)出现低值异常(IC＜2, Pos 2200＜2205 nm),可作为有效的示矿指标。认为应用短波红外光谱技术可以快速圈定锑金矿体,有效指导矿产勘查,降低找矿成本,提高勘查效率,实现找矿突破。     

Star-forming processes in Cepheus OB2

The properties of IRAS point sources in the region of the “Cepheus bubble” were studied. This bubble is a possible very old supernova remnant which includes the association Cepheus OB2. A large number of sources which are probably low- and medium-mass embedded stars are situated around the bubble. It is concluded that whereas high-mass stars which have formed in the bubble are already on the main sequence, lower-mass stars are still embedded in their parent clouds.     

断裂带内外温差法在震前红外异常研究中的应用

以2000年姚安MS6.5地震、1997年玛尼MS7.5地震为例,应用断裂带内外卫星红外亮温差(下文简称亮温差)值分析法,研究震中附近活动断裂上震前卫星红外异常的时间演化过程。分析结果表明,在正常时期红河断裂带内外的亮温差值在0～1.5℃范围内波动,而在异常表现很强烈的时段,沿红河断裂带内外的亮温差达到3℃以上,比正常时期高出2℃左右。通过对1997年11月8日玛尼7.5级地震发震断裂——马尔盖茶卡断层东段1996,1997,1998年3年带内平均值和带内外的亮温差值的对比研究发现,由于受大面积降雪的影响,1997年10月初至11月中旬,断裂带内平均亮温比1996和1998年同期亮温都要低,但断裂带内外亮温差值却比1996和1998年同期高出2～3℃左右。地震之后相对亮温差很快回到正常状态。运用同样的方法对华北和川滇近几年未发生强震的几条重要的活动断裂带的卫星红外亮温特征进行了研究,未发现类似震前红外异常的情况