基础性地理国情监测的生产实践与应用思考

通过资料收集、数据生产获取了2005-2015 10年间四期地理国情监测成果,以此为研究对象,从监测要素流向,城市空间扩展,交通、水域、林草地变化等几个方面进行分析,得出了有价值的结论,再以其他资料进行验证,并对监测成果的应用进行探讨。     

世界森林的数字地球监测

介绍中国风云气象卫星FY－1,FY－2对地观测数据应用于全球森林资源的分类监测。讨论中国加入WTO以后对全球森林资源再分配的新战略。以全球观点,分析贵州省的森林资源特色及其对世界的特殊贡献。评价21世纪中国森林数据库与林业管理信息系统的规划与建设。     

世界森林的数字地球监测

介绍中国风云气象卫星FY－1,FY－2对地观测数据应用于全球森林资源的分类监测。讨论中国加入WTO以后对全球森林资源再分配的新战略。以全球观点,分析贵州省的森林资源特色及其对世界的特殊贡献。评价21世纪中国森林数据库与林业管理信息系统的规划与建设。     

NATURE OF PRECIPITATION AND ACTIVITY OF CUMULUS CONVECTION DURING THE 1991 MEIYU SEASON OF CHANGJIANG-HUAIHE RIVER BASIN*

Seasonal variability regarding the nature of precipitation and the activity of cumulus convection during the 1991 Meiyu season of Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin(Jianghuai)has been investigated by calculating apparent heat source/apparent moisture sink and analyzing TBB(cloud-top blackody radiation temperature)data.It is found that three periods of strong ascending motion during the Meiyu season lead to three episodes of heavy rain,and the latent heat due to the precipitation is of the sole heat source of the atmosphere.The nature of precipitation shows distinct seasonal variability,from frontal precipitation of the first episode to the extremely strong convective precipitation of the third episode.TBB field of East Asia may well reflect not only the intensity of convection and rainfall,but also the movement of rain belt and convection belt.In the whole Meiyu season.convection belt mainly stays in Jianghuai.but may shift within the domain of East Asia.Its locating in Jianghuai or not determines the maintenance or break of Meiyu.In the third episode,the narrow convection belt over Jianghuai is mainly caused by southwest monsoon which takes moist and convective atmosphere from tropical ocean.     

基于Sentinel-1和D-InSAR的地表沉降地理国情监测技术研究

为推进合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(D-InSAR,Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar)技术在地表沉降地理国情监测中的应用,本文利用D-InSAR技术,以某矿区为研究对象,基于5景哨兵-1卫星(Sentinel-1)雷达影像,采用SARscape与Arc GIS软件相结合处理的方式得到了精准的成果数据,并结合实地水准观测结果对D-InSAR地表沉降监测的精度进行了对比分析。结果表明:利用D-InSAR技术进行地表沉降地理国情监测,具有较高的测量精度,且该技术具有大尺度连续覆盖能力、受天气干扰小、低成本等特点,在地理国情监测等相关领域有非常好的应用前景。     

USING UPLAND FOREST IN SHIMENTAI NATURE RESERVE,CHINA*

ABSTRACT. The Shimentai Nature Reserve in Yingde County, Guangdong Province, China, established recently in a subtropical upland forest area, has served for ages as an essential and customary source of livelihood for local people. Assessment of forest usage indicates heavy reliance by villagers on its diversified biotic resources. This forest dependence, associated with socioeconomic factors such as distance from village, ethnic origin, out‐migration of rural youngsters, and a local tradition of conservation, is unlikely to decline in the near future. The reserve management recognizes the need to address the livelihood issues of local people and to win local support. A pragmatic adherence to provincial and higher‐level policies that exclude forest‐tapping activities could lead to more people‐versus‐park conflicts, which would dilute fundamental conservation objectives. A more enlightened and localized approach that nurtures a synergy between limited forest use and conservation while helping to develop new income sources could furnish workable alternatives.     

A GIS-Based Tool for Representing Larval Dispersal for Marine Reserve Selection

Increasing efforts to implement marine protected areas (MPAs) as a means of managing marine ecosystems have created a need for evaluating potential spatial management plans. Almost all marine populations are metapopulations, connected reproductively by the dispersal of pelagic larvae. Models of marine population dynamics must account for larval connectivity, but despite recent advances connectivity patterns are still poorly understood. To allow more informed decision making when complete information on dispersal is lacking, we have developed a method based on geographic information systems (GIS) for representing larval dispersal distributions based on bathymetry and typical flows in the coastal ocean. These distributions reflect (1) generally greater flow in directions along, rather than across, lines of constant bathymetry and (2) lesser flow in shallow near-shore waters. We demonstrate how to parameterize this two-dimensional method for depicting larval dispersal based on comparisons to local oceanographic data. We then compare the predictions of the two-dimensional method to those of a simpler one-dimensional alternative in a population model used to evaluate proposed MPAs along the coast of central California. The method produces reasonable larval dispersal patterns and appears to include the effects of bathymetry on population dynamics better than commonly used one-dimensional methods and without requiring the significantly greater investment of developing particle-tracking circulation models. An important advantage of a two-dimensional approach is more realistic portrayal of the dependence of population persistence on the cross-shelf dimension of available habitat.     

福建龙岩地区土壤有机碳储量特征及其影响因素

基于福建龙岩地区多目标区域地球化学调查所获得大量高精度和高密度有机碳数据,通过单位土壤碳储量计算方法,分别采用母质类型、地貌类型、生态系统、土地利用类型及土壤类型5种方式,按照0～1.4m,0～1.0m和0～0.2m等3种不同深度来初步探讨福建龙岩地区土壤有机碳储量特征及其影响因素.结果表明,不同类型土壤区的有机碳储量分布存在不均匀性,平均碳密度均存在较大差异,这可能不仅与成土母质、土壤理化性状(如土壤结构、质地、化学成分、土温等)、系统差异(如历史演变、稳定性等)等内在因素有关,还有可能与气候环境条件、海拔高度、水土流失程度、土壤微生物活动强度、植被状况(如植被类型、植被发育等)以及人类活动影响等外在因素有关.得出福建龙岩地区不同深度的有机碳储量:0～0.2m为89254953.05t,0～1.0m为283746254.26t和0 ～1.4m为347294329.32t;不同深度的平均碳密度:0～0.2m为3980.33 t/km2,0～1.0m为12653.69 t/km2和0～1.4m为15487.62 t/km2,高于全国典型地区平均水平,显示出福建龙岩地区具较高的碳储量、较强的碳储能力和良好的碳富集环境.     

上海沿海风能资源评估

利用上海沿海5个站点风要素资料,通过统计分析,估算上海海域可开发的风能储量。东海大桥附近海域、崇明岛以东海域、南汇和横沙东滩以东海域、远海风电场为丰富区,风能资源储量约为3 373.1×104 kW;杭州湾北岸奉贤海域为较丰富区,风能储量约为38.3×104 kW;长江口水域为可利用区。     

隐伏构造蚀变岩型钼矿区勘探线布设方法及矿体圈定中有关问题的讨论

建议隐伏矿矿区采用行、排剖面网法布置勘探线和钻孔,利于多方位编制研究性勘探线剖面图,研究和确定深部矿体产状。对隐伏构造蚀变岩型、石英脉—蚀变岩型钼矿333类型资源/储量的圈定与外推分七种情况作了叙述,对米.百分值工程矿体的圈定和外推分五种情况作了叙述。低品位矿应圈定矿体与估算资源/储量。