Diagnosis of trace metal contamination in sediments: the example of Ensenada and El Sauzal, two harbors in Baja California, Mexico

Total metal concentrations in sediments from within Ensenada and El Sauzal Harbors are generally higher than at the mouths. Grain-size analyses suggested that this enrichment could be due to the presence of fine-grained sediments in the inner part of the harbors rather than to anthropogenic perturbations. The (Me/Al)(sample) ratios for Pb, Co, Ni and Fe were significantly higher for Ensenada Harbor relative to El Sauzal Harbor, whereas the ratios for Cd, Mn, Zn and Cu were statistically equivalent for both harbors. Calculated enrichment factors [EF(Me)=(Me/Al)(sample)/(Me/Al)(shale)] indicated that the metals showing slight enrichment were those associated with anthropogenic contamination (Pb, Zn), or probably related to primary productivity in the water column (Cd, Co). The levels of most of the metals were not greatly enriched, a consideration that is of the utmost importance when contamination issues are at stake.     

论金川硫化铜镍矿床中贵金属元素的分带机制

在金川硫化铜镍矿床最大的寓矿体内,贵金属元素存在明显分带:Pt、Pd、Au、Ag含量在边部较低,向中心部位逐渐增高;Os、Ir、Ru、Rh含量在中心部位较低,向边部逐渐增高。通过对实际资料的分析,认为这种分带特征是硫化物液相结晶分异作用造成的。     

CHINA’S URBAN RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY IN THE COURSE OF TRANSFER OF SOCIAL PATTERN

ＣＨＩＮＡ’Ｓ　ＵＲＢＡＮ　ＲＥＳＩＤＥＮＴＩＡＬ　ＣＯＭＭＵＮＩＴＹ　ＩＮ　ＴＨＥ　ＣＯＵＲＳＥ　ＯＦ　ＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲ　ＯＦ　ＳＯＣＩＡＬ　ＰＡＴＴＥＲＮＣＨＩＮＡ’ＳＵＲＢＡＮＲＥＳＩＤＥＮＴＩＡＬＣＯＭＭＵＮＩＴＹＩＮＴＨＥＣＯＵＲＳＥＯＦＴ...     

基于地理信息服务平台的农业信息系统研建

当前农业地理信息管理系统在农业信息资源的有效统一管理和共享方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文主要讨论了如何在地理信息服务平台的支持下构建农业地理信息系统,从而加快系统建设步伐,减少财政投资,合理管理现有农业资源,为农业部门提供辅助规划和决策,加快农业现代化进程。     

Multifractal Analysis of Element Distribution in Skarn-type Deposits in the Shizishan Orefield, Tongling Area, Anhui Province, China

A series of element concentrations sampled from four drill cores with a length about 1000 m into different skarn-type deposits were selected from the Shizishan orefield, central Tongling, southeastern part of Anhui Province. Using the multifractal method, the distribution and migration characteristics of the major and trace elements are analyzed. The multifractal spectrum of the major elements is left-skewed, whereas the spectrum of the trace elements is right-skewed, which shows that in the process of skarn formation, the trace elements were enriched only locally, and major elements transported within a much larger range. The correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters Aa （width of the multifractal spectrum） of the four drill cores are relatively low, but the correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters R （spectrum symmetry parameter） and Af are relatively higher, indicating that although the non-homogeneous intensity of the distribution of elements is inconsistent, their spatial accumulation patterns are almost the same during the ore-forming process. The statistics of the mnltifractal parameters of various elements in the different locations show that the ore-forming processes and element migration pattern in the Shizishan orefield are consistent, and that the migrations of trace elements and major elements exhibit some differences.     

广西钦州湾-防城港潮间带表层沉积物重金属生态风险评价

对广西钦州湾-防城港潮间带表层沉积物中的重金属元素Hg,Cd,As,Pb,Cu,Cr和Zn的质量分数和空间分布特征及其潜在生态危害进行了分析和评价。钦州湾潮间带表层沉积物中的重金属元素的质量分数相对较低,均在国家一级标准之内。空间分布上,从防城港-企沙-鸡墩头-三娘湾-沙角,重金属元素含量有逐渐增加的趋势,尤其在企沙QZ-07、三娘湾QZ-09和沙角地区的QZ-08剖面的质量分数最高。其中Cd,Cu和Zn的最高值出现在沙角地区QZ-08剖面,其平均质量分数分别达到了0.14,29.15和64.56μg/g;Hg,As,Cr和Pb的最高值出现在企沙地区QZ-07剖面,其平均质量分数分别达到了0.11,11.29,88.23和26.47μg/g。选用Hakanson的潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物的环境质量进行了评价。结果表明,钦州湾潮间带表层沉积物重金属元素的潜在生态风险参数均小于40,而风险指数均小于150,显示其潜在生态风险为低风险级别。但部分调查剖面如沙角QZ-08剖面的生态危害风险指数接近临界值140,所以该污染的风险是存在的。在空间分布上,从防城港-企沙-鸡墩头-三娘湾-沙角,重金属元素的污染生态危害指数有逐渐增加的趋势,尤其在企沙QZ-07、三娘湾QZ-09和沙角地区的QZ-08剖面的危害指数最高。     

空气滤膜采集大气浮尘样品中多元素的测定

用氢氟酸-盐酸-硝酸-高氯酸体系对空气滤膜上附着的浮尘样品进行分解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定溶液中15个主量和微量元素铁、铜、锌、镍、镧、铈、锂、锰、铬、镉、钴、铅、钍、铊、铀。将国家一级标准物质模拟浮尘样品加入空白滤膜进行测定,结果与标准值相符。各元素4次测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。     

全球地质矿产数据库质量控制体系建立与应用

全球地质矿产建库数据资料涉及众多来源、多种存储格式、不同语种和多级尺度,保证建库数据质量是提供优质信息服务能力的关键。在全面分析国外地质矿产数据与资料特点的基础上,系统阐述了全球地质矿产数据库建设流程、建库标准规范、质量控制机制和质量检查方法。通过应用表明,全球地质矿产数据库建设的质量控制体系具有较强的实用性和广泛的推广性,在国外地质矿产数据库建设中具有一定的借鉴意义和推广价值。     

贵州大方煤田主采煤层的矿物学异常及其对元素地球化学的影响

运用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、带能谱仪的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)、逐级化学提取(SCEP)和光学显微镜等方法,对贵州大方煤田11号煤层的地球化学和矿物学进行了研究。结果表明,大方煤田11号煤层中有高含量的脉状石英(11.4%)和脉状铁白云石(10.2%),铁白云石周边常被针铁矿所包裹,在脉状石英中发现有热液成因的黄铜矿、闪锌矿和硒方铅矿,此外,还有少量高岭石充填在脉中,这7种矿物常常同脉共存。脉状石英和脉状铁白云石分别来源于硅质和富铁的钙质低温热液流体,形成温度分别为180℃和85℃。脉状石英早于脉状铁白云石形成。根据Ca/Sr和Fe/Mn值,确定出铁白云石的形成至少经历了3个时期。这7种矿物按照从早到晚的生成顺序为硫化物、石英、高岭石、铁白云石和针铁矿。铁白云石是煤中Mn、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn富集的主要原因,这5种微量元素的含量分别为0.09%、74.0μg/g、33.6μg/g、185μg/g和289μg/g。脉状石英是煤中铂族元素Pd、Pt和Ir的主要载体,它们在煤中的含量分别为1.57μg/g、0.15μg/g和0.007μg/g。另外,黄铜矿、闪锌矿和硒方铅矿亦是11号煤层中Cu、Zn和Pb的重要载体。     

椒江河口沉积物As、Hg黄铁矿矿化程度及其生物有效性

本文利用取自浙江椒江河口3个未扰动柱状沉积物样,进行了孔隙水化学测试、固相沉积物的活性分量与黄铁矿分量的分级提取和测试,结果表明：Hg主要以黄铁矿态形式存在于沉积物中。As在有机碳较高的河口区潮上带和沉积速率较慢的潮下带主要以黄铁矿形态存在[DTMP（degree of trace metal pyritization,痕量元素黄铁矿矿化程度）〉50%）],而在中潮带As的黄铁矿矿化程度略低（DTMP均值为40.99%）,研究区DOP（Fe的黄铁矿矿化程度）值普遍较低（〈35%）,Mn-DTMP低于3.32%。从而揭示了浙江椒江河口沉积物在数厘米以下,毒性痕量元素Hg和As被高度黄铁矿矿化的规律性,并指出在遇有海事活动或风暴潮事件对海底沉积物进行扰动时,河口沉积物与充氧的海水反应,高度黄铁矿矿化的痕量元素会转变成活性态,从而导致近海生态系统的毒性事件。