基于星型结构的虚拟参考站网络实时动态测量关键算法研究

构建一种星型结构的VRS网络RTK基线解算方式,提出适用于星型结构VRS网络RTK模糊度解算方法。针对这种星型结构分别对VRS网络RTK中电离层、对流层改正数的算法进行深入研究。最后通过两个试验对星型VRS网络与传统VRS三角形网络在网络模糊度解算与VRS网络改正数计算两方面进行了验证分析。试验结果表明所提出的星型结构...     

The other's perception of a streamflow sample: From a bottle of water to a data point

In scientific communication, ambiguities in term usage can go unnoticed due not only to the distance between reader and writer but also to the existence of highly specialized scientific subcommunities. This commentary therefore aims at raising awareness about the use of terms that have different meanings within different hydrological subcommunities such as field hydrology, hydrological modelling, or statistical hydrology. To do so, we discuss the use of the following commonly used hydrological terms: sample, runoff, discharge, and streamflow. We performed three types of analyses to provide evidence of term usage and understanding, including both qualitative and quantitative approaches: a drawing exercise, a survey, and a literature corpus analysis. These analyses allow for a comparison of spontaneous definitions and the actual use of these terms in scientific publications. Our various information sources revealed that the dialogue between hydrologists within and across subdisciplines is substantially influenced by personal conceptualizations of terms that are not always shared across conversational partners. The terms discussed and illustrated in this commentary have to be seen as a small sample used to demonstrate the need for a thoughtful use of hydrological terms when communicating research, not only to a general audience but even across subdisciplines within hydrology.     

区域GNSS网的整数卫星钟差解算

基于双差模糊度的整数性质,从理论上证明,通过固定基准模糊度可以使整网的星间单差模糊度都恢复整数性质,实现星间单差模糊度固定,从而得到整数卫星钟差。提出模糊度连续弧段的概念,改进基准模糊度选取方法。实验表明,对于1 d弧长的区域观测网数据,与旧方法相比,新方法获得的基准模糊度的数量增加近1倍;基准模糊度固定之后,窄巷模糊度成功固定的比例从60%左右提高到90%左右。将得到的整数卫星钟差用于30 min弧长的快速静态PPP,实现固定解的比例为96.00%。模糊度固定之后,PPP定位N、E、U方向的RMS分别达到7.3 mm、9.8 mm、23.3 mm。     

基于GF模型的BDS-3/GPS/Galileo三频模糊度固定性能分析

基于实测数据评估基于无几何（geometry-free,GF）模型的BDS-3/GPS/Galileo三频模糊度固定性能。首先给出适用于BDS-3/GPS/Galileo短基线TCAR（triple-frequency carrier ambiguity resolution）算法的三频线性组合;然后基于不同长度的实测短基线数据,评估BDS-3/GPS/Galileo超宽巷、宽巷及窄巷模糊度单历元固定性能。结果表明,对于5 m、3.6 km和13.1 km三条基线,BDS-3/GPS/Galileo超宽巷模糊度固定率相当（99.7%以上）,BDS-3/GPS宽巷模糊度固定率（97.2%以上）略优于Galileo（93.0%以上）,BDS-3窄巷模糊度固定率（92.2%以上）略优于GPS/Galileo（89.4%以上）。     

A new approach to GPS ambiguity decorrelation

Ambiguity decorrelation is a useful technique for rapid integer ambiguity fixing. It plays an important role in the least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (Lambda) method. An approach to multi-dimension ambiguity decorrelation is proposed by the introduction of a new concept: united ambiguity decorrelation. It is found that united ambiguity decorrelation can provide a rapid and effective route to ambiguity decorrelation. An approach to united ambiguity decorrelation, the HL process, is described in detail. The HL process performs very well in high-dimension ambiguity decorrelation tests. Received: 9 March 1998 / Accepted: 1 June 1999     

断层厚度的地震效应和非对称地震矩张量

本文导出了具有厚度和滑动弱化区域的断层的非对称地震矩张量表示式,指出要求地震矩张量具有对称性不是一个绝对必要的限制.在非对称地震矩张量中,位错项对应于对称地震矩张量,拉力项对应于非对称地震矩张量.由于拉力项等效于单力偶,所以在非对称地震矩张量解的两个节面上,沿滑动矢量方向的力偶强度不再相同,与较大力偶相联系的节面为断层面,与较小力偶相联系的节面为辅助面.这一性质可用以从两个正交的节面中判断哪一个节面是断层面.如果忽略拉力项,会高估与位错对应的标量地震矩.只有满足相应的约束条件的非对称地震矩张量才能表示具有厚度和滑动弱化区域的断层模型,并从中分离出与位错和拉力对应的地震矩张量.     

测井技术在地震目标追踪应用中的方法探讨

目前常见测井-地震综合应用技术主要是测井约束地震反演技术,该技术存在两方面的研究精度问题.一是初始模型等因素影响反演的精度和分辨率,二是波阻抗的多解性难免造成反演的多解性.由于存在以上原因,有必要探索其他方式的"井震结合"研究思路,根据测井、地震信息具有地质背景成因一致的特点,提出寻找二者具有的、可相互辨识的共同地质属性的分析方法,研究认为,测井、地震共同地质属性的辨识可表现在两方面,一是测井、地震信息在地质界面上下地质成因相同.深入研究两者可相互辨识的地质属性信息,可提供地质界面的识别与追踪依据;二是对于一个具体的地质事件或地质体,也理应找到具有同一成因基础的、可相互辨识的信息响应依据.利用该方法对羊二庄某区的实践表明,在测井、地震信息成因一致性分析手段的基础上,开展测井-地质共同地质属性的辨识、追踪研究,对复杂油气区有利目标的追踪具有有效性,该研究成果被钻井结果证实.     

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大范围网络RTK基准站间整周模糊度实时快速解算

网络RTK是目前实现高精度实时动态定位的重要手段之一,而网络RTK高精度定位的关键问题是基准站间整周模糊度的实时快速准确固定。对于大范围网络RTK,由于基准站间距离的增加,电离层延迟误差、对流层延迟误差和卫星轨道误差相关性降低,导致基准站间整周模糊度不能快速准确地固定,因此本文提出了一种大范围网络RTK基准站间整周模糊度固定算法。该算法首先利用L1、L2载波相位观测值和P1、P2伪距观测值解算基准站间的双差宽巷模糊度;然后采用Saastamoinen模型和Chao映射函数模型相结合解算双差对流层延迟误差,并将双差宽巷模糊度作为L1、L2双差载波相位整周模糊度的约束关系来确定L1、L2双差载波相位整周模糊度;最后采用CORS站的实测数据进行试验,并将本文的试验结果同GAMIT软件的解算结果进行比对,结果表明该算法可以快速准确地实现单历元双差载波相位整周模糊度的固定。     

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