方差分量的极大验后估计

由概括函数模型出发,导出了适应于所有平差模型的方差分量的极大验后估计,这种估计实际上是先验方差与样本方差的凸组合。文中还给出了一个简单的数例,说明这种方法的可行性。     

Robust Kalman filter for rank deficient observation models

A robust Kalman filter is derived for rank deficient observation models. The datum for the Kalman filter is introduced at the zero epoch by the choice of a generalized inverse. The robust filter is obtained by Bayesian statistics and by applying a robust M-estimate. Outliers are not only looked for in the observations but also in the updated parameters. The ability of the robust Kalman filter to detect outliers is demonstrated by an example. Received: 8 November 1996 / Accepted: 11 February 1998     

评价GPS相位模糊度整数解正确性的严密方法

针对如何评价模糊度整数解的正确性,指出了基于传统的假设检验理论的三步法存在的理论缺陷,介绍了模糊度归整域的概念和可容许整数估计的定义,并在Teunissen关于可容许整数估计原定义的基础上给出了更为严密的新定义。基于这个新定义,讨论了模糊度成功率的概念及其计算公式。     

Geo-scape,a granularity depended spatialization tool for visualizing multidimensional data sets

Recently, the expertise accumulated in the field of geovisualization has found application in the visualization of abstract multidimensional data, on the basis of methods called spatialization methods. Spatialization methods aim at visualizing multidimensional data into low-dimensional representational spaces by making use of spatial metaphors and applying dimension reduction techniques. Spatial metaphors are able to provide a metaphoric framework for the visualization of information at different levels of granularity. The present paper makes an investigation on how the issue of granularity is handled in the context of representative examples of spatialization methods. Furthermore, this paper introduces the prototyping tool Geo-Scape, which provides an interactive spatialization environment for representing and exploring multidimensional data at different levels of granularity, by making use of a kernel density estimation technique and on the landscape “smoothness” metaphor. A demonstration scenario is presented next to show how Geo-Scape helps to discover knowledge into a large set of data, by grouping them into meaningful clusters on the basis of a similarity measure and organizing them at different levels of granularity.     

基于VB6.0的水准网抗差估计程序设计与开发

针对当前水准网平差软件不能满足用户粗差探测需求的现状,基于VB6.0编写了水准网抗差估计程序,本程序可以在固定基准、秩亏基准、拟稳基准下对水准网平差,并利用7种不同的选权迭代法进行抗差估计,达到抗粗差干扰的目的.本文选用IGG-Ⅲ法在3种不同基准下进行抗差估计,结果验证了程序的正确性和可靠性.     

Computation of spherical harmonic coefficients and their error estimates using least-squares collocation

 Equations expressing the covariances between spherical harmonic coefficients and linear functionals applied on the anomalous gravity potential, T, are derived. The functionals are the evaluation functionals, and those associated with first- and second-order derivatives of T. These equations form the basis for the prediction of spherical harmonic coefficients using least-squares collocation (LSC). The equations were implemented in the GRAVSOFT program GEOCOL. Initially, tests using EGM96 were performed using global and regional sets of geoid heights, gravity anomalies and second-order vertical gravity gradients at ground level and at altitude. The global tests confirm that coefficients may be estimated consistently using LSC while the error estimates are much too large for the lower-order coefficients. The validity of an error estimate calculated using LSC with an isotropic covariance function is based on a hypothesis that the coefficients of a specific degree all belong to the same normal distribution. However, the coefficients of lower degree do not fulfil this, and this seems to be the reason for the too-pessimistic error estimates. In order to test this the coefficients of EGM96 were perturbed, so that the pertubations for a specific degree all belonged to a normal distribution with the variance equal to the mean error variance of the coefficients. The pertubations were used to generate residual geoid heights, gravity anomalies and second-order vertical gravity gradients. These data were then used to calculate estimates of the perturbed coefficients as well as error estimates of the quantities, which now have a very good agreement with the errors computed from the simulated observed minus calculated coefficients. Tests with regionally distributed data showed that long-wavelength information is lost, but also that it seems to be recovered for specific coefficients depending on where the data are located. Received: 3 February 2000 / Accepted: 23 October 2000     

利用低空视频检测道路车辆

针对背景像素的移动,提出了SURF特征稳像和光流法向量相结合的新方法来解决低空视频的道路车辆检测。首先,检测两帧图像的SURF特征;再用最近邻匹配得到两幅图像的匹配点对;随后结合RANSAC和最小二乘法计算全局运动参数向量,获得稳定的帧;最后,根据稳定的帧计算光流法向量,并检测出运动车辆。实验结果表明,基于SURF算子的图像稳像算法在不损失稳像精度的前提下,能够提高图像稳像算法的速度,所提方法能够有效地检测出运动车辆。     

两种抗差估计在陀螺信号处理中的比较

捷联寻北仪中影响寻北精度的主要因素是陀螺随机漂移.由于陀螺信号中不可避免地存在异常观测或粗差,陀螺随机漂移中包含异常噪声(异常数据).抗差估计通过连续降权和连续减弱影响的方法抵制异常数据,是一种控制异常数据的有效方法.本文给出了两种抗差估计解及其相应原则,利用一个实际算例比较了两种抗差估计控制异常数据影响的能力.计算结...     

Seismic hazard estimate for a low seismicity region — Example of Bohemia

The contribution reviews basic concepts of earthquake hazard assessment for sites of nuclear power plants. Taking into account the delineation of earthquake source regions, intensity-frequency relations, upper intensity thresholdsI _max and intensity attenuation curves, we determine the seismic hazard for a site in south Bohemia and calculated the quantities defining the seismic hazard, i.e. return period in years, probability of exceedance for different intensities and different periods of interest. The adopted procedure has some limitations due to the poor definition of seismogenic zones (boundaries,N(I),I _max) and lack of strong motion observations in Central Europe.Communication presented at the XVII General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission in Budapest, 21–29 August 1980.     

基于新疆分量式钻孔应变异常时间的地震强度预测研究

研究了利用钻孔应变异常时间预测地震震级问题。从实际工作需要出发,在做了大量震例总结和比较了前人的工作之后,首次得到了更加适合新疆地区的异常时间与震级之间的统计关系式,即Ms=5．4＋0．004T±0．5。讨论了3个预测震级公式的优缺点及存在的问题,一些不合理的因素得到改善,震级预测误差明显减小,这对新疆地区的地震强度预测有实际意义。